{"title":"微粒撞击引起的金属结合强度随速度的增大而增大。","authors":"Qi Tang, Yuji Ichikawa, Mostafa Hassani","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2424355122","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Supersonic impact of metallic microparticles onto metallic substrates generates extreme interfacial deformation and high contact pressures, enabling solid-state metallic bonding. Although higher impact velocities are generally believed to improve bond quality and mechanical properties in materials formed by supersonic impact deposition, here we report a peak in bond strength for single microparticle impact bonding, followed by a decline at higher impact velocities. Our in situ micromechanical measurements of interfacial strength for Al microparticles bonded to Al substrates reveal a three-fold increase from the critical bonding velocity (800 m/s) to a peak strength around 1,060 m/s. Interestingly, further increase in impact velocity results in a rapid decline in local interfacial strength. The decline continues up to the highest velocity studied, 1,337 m/s, which is well below the threshold required to induce melting or erosion. We show that a mechanistic transition from material strengthening to intensified elastic recovery is responsible for the peak strength in impact-induced bonding, with evidence linking the intensified elastic recovery to adiabatic softening at high impact velocities. Beyond 1,000 m/s for Al, interfacial damage induced by the intensified elastic recovery offsets the strength gain from higher impact velocities, resulting in a net decline in interfacial strength. This mechanistic understanding shall offer insights into the optimal design of processes that rely on impact bonding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20548,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","volume":"122 14","pages":"e2424355122"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002317/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Microparticle impact-induced bond strength in metals peaks with velocity.\",\"authors\":\"Qi Tang, Yuji Ichikawa, Mostafa Hassani\",\"doi\":\"10.1073/pnas.2424355122\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Supersonic impact of metallic microparticles onto metallic substrates generates extreme interfacial deformation and high contact pressures, enabling solid-state metallic bonding. Although higher impact velocities are generally believed to improve bond quality and mechanical properties in materials formed by supersonic impact deposition, here we report a peak in bond strength for single microparticle impact bonding, followed by a decline at higher impact velocities. Our in situ micromechanical measurements of interfacial strength for Al microparticles bonded to Al substrates reveal a three-fold increase from the critical bonding velocity (800 m/s) to a peak strength around 1,060 m/s. Interestingly, further increase in impact velocity results in a rapid decline in local interfacial strength. The decline continues up to the highest velocity studied, 1,337 m/s, which is well below the threshold required to induce melting or erosion. We show that a mechanistic transition from material strengthening to intensified elastic recovery is responsible for the peak strength in impact-induced bonding, with evidence linking the intensified elastic recovery to adiabatic softening at high impact velocities. Beyond 1,000 m/s for Al, interfacial damage induced by the intensified elastic recovery offsets the strength gain from higher impact velocities, resulting in a net decline in interfacial strength. This mechanistic understanding shall offer insights into the optimal design of processes that rely on impact bonding.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20548,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\"volume\":\"122 14\",\"pages\":\"e2424355122\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":9.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-04-08\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12002317/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"103\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2424355122\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"综合性期刊\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/3/31 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2424355122","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/3/31 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
金属微粒子对金属基底的超音速冲击会产生极度的界面变形和高接触压力,从而实现固态金属键合。尽管人们普遍认为更高的撞击速度能改善超音速撞击沉积形成的材料的粘接质量和机械性能,但我们在此报告了单微粒撞击粘接的粘接强度峰值,随后在更高的撞击速度下出现下降。我们对粘合到铝基底上的铝微粒的界面强度进行的原位微机械测量显示,从临界粘合速度(800 米/秒)到 1060 米/秒左右的峰值强度增加了三倍。有趣的是,进一步提高冲击速度会导致局部界面强度迅速下降。这种下降一直持续到所研究的最高速度(1,337 m/s),远远低于诱发熔化或侵蚀所需的临界值。我们的研究表明,从材料强化到弹性恢复增强的机理转变是冲击诱导粘接强度达到峰值的原因,有证据表明弹性恢复增强与高冲击速度下的绝热软化有关。对于 Al 来说,当速度超过 1,000 米/秒时,强化弹性恢复引起的界面损伤会抵消较高冲击速度带来的强度增加,从而导致界面强度的净下降。对这一机理的理解将为依靠冲击粘合的工艺的优化设计提供启示。
Microparticle impact-induced bond strength in metals peaks with velocity.
Supersonic impact of metallic microparticles onto metallic substrates generates extreme interfacial deformation and high contact pressures, enabling solid-state metallic bonding. Although higher impact velocities are generally believed to improve bond quality and mechanical properties in materials formed by supersonic impact deposition, here we report a peak in bond strength for single microparticle impact bonding, followed by a decline at higher impact velocities. Our in situ micromechanical measurements of interfacial strength for Al microparticles bonded to Al substrates reveal a three-fold increase from the critical bonding velocity (800 m/s) to a peak strength around 1,060 m/s. Interestingly, further increase in impact velocity results in a rapid decline in local interfacial strength. The decline continues up to the highest velocity studied, 1,337 m/s, which is well below the threshold required to induce melting or erosion. We show that a mechanistic transition from material strengthening to intensified elastic recovery is responsible for the peak strength in impact-induced bonding, with evidence linking the intensified elastic recovery to adiabatic softening at high impact velocities. Beyond 1,000 m/s for Al, interfacial damage induced by the intensified elastic recovery offsets the strength gain from higher impact velocities, resulting in a net decline in interfacial strength. This mechanistic understanding shall offer insights into the optimal design of processes that rely on impact bonding.
期刊介绍:
The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer-reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), serves as an authoritative source for high-impact, original research across the biological, physical, and social sciences. With a global scope, the journal welcomes submissions from researchers worldwide, making it an inclusive platform for advancing scientific knowledge.