Jingyan Yang, Cheikh Tamberou, Elise Arnee, Pierre-Alexandre Squara, Ayoub Boukhlal, Jennifer L Nguyen, Hannah R Volkman, Stéphane Fiévez, Marina Lepoutre-Bourguet, Jinma Ren, Haifa Ben Romdhane, Pascal Crépey, Olivier Robineau
{"title":"2020-2023年法国社区管理的长冠成人全因医疗资源利用和成本","authors":"Jingyan Yang, Cheikh Tamberou, Elise Arnee, Pierre-Alexandre Squara, Ayoub Boukhlal, Jennifer L Nguyen, Hannah R Volkman, Stéphane Fiévez, Marina Lepoutre-Bourguet, Jinma Ren, Haifa Ben Romdhane, Pascal Crépey, Olivier Robineau","doi":"10.1080/13696998.2025.2485626","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical and economic burden of long COVID is poorly understood. We aim to assess all-cause healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs in the primary care setting among adults with long COVID in France.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study using the electronic healthcare records (EHRs) of confirmed and/or probable COVID-19 patients from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) data between March 2020 and December 2022 was conducted. Long COVID was identified per World Health Organization (WHO) definition as suggestive symptoms present ≥3 months following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients' characteristics, HCRU, direct healthcare and indirect costs (National Health Insurance-based prices) were summarized. Costs between patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed long COVID, patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection who did not develop long COVID (COVID only), and contemporaneous controls without SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared (Non-COVID).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Long COVID developed among 30,122 (11.6%) adults; mean (SD) age was 50 (17) years, 63.6% were female and 27.5% had a Charlson Comorbidity Index score >2. During the post-infection follow-up (mean = 13 months), 97.3% of patients had general practitioner consultations (GP) and 62.4% had nursing care. Costs were highest during the first post-diagnosis year with per patient per year costs of €2,443 (total cost of €52 million), including costs for GP (€208) and specialist (€170) consultations, outpatient procedures (€413), retail pharmacy use (€595), biological testing (€147), and medical device usage (€172). Patients with long COVID had additional costs of €163 and €176 when compared to patients in the COVID only and Non-COVID cohorts, respectively.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Since the THIN database is generated from GP EHRs, there is the possibility of measurement/documentation errors and missing values which could compromise the validity and accuracy of certain results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long COVID was associated with non-negligible HCRU, direct and indirect costs to the French healthcare system. These findings reinforce the importance of optimizing long-term resource allocation for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":16229,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Economics","volume":" ","pages":"535-543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"All-cause healthcare resource utilization and costs among community-managed adults with long-COVID in France, 2020-2023.\",\"authors\":\"Jingyan Yang, Cheikh Tamberou, Elise Arnee, Pierre-Alexandre Squara, Ayoub Boukhlal, Jennifer L Nguyen, Hannah R Volkman, Stéphane Fiévez, Marina Lepoutre-Bourguet, Jinma Ren, Haifa Ben Romdhane, Pascal Crépey, Olivier Robineau\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/13696998.2025.2485626\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The clinical and economic burden of long COVID is poorly understood. We aim to assess all-cause healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs in the primary care setting among adults with long COVID in France.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study using the electronic healthcare records (EHRs) of confirmed and/or probable COVID-19 patients from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) data between March 2020 and December 2022 was conducted. Long COVID was identified per World Health Organization (WHO) definition as suggestive symptoms present ≥3 months following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients' characteristics, HCRU, direct healthcare and indirect costs (National Health Insurance-based prices) were summarized. Costs between patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed long COVID, patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection who did not develop long COVID (COVID only), and contemporaneous controls without SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared (Non-COVID).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Long COVID developed among 30,122 (11.6%) adults; mean (SD) age was 50 (17) years, 63.6% were female and 27.5% had a Charlson Comorbidity Index score >2. During the post-infection follow-up (mean = 13 months), 97.3% of patients had general practitioner consultations (GP) and 62.4% had nursing care. Costs were highest during the first post-diagnosis year with per patient per year costs of €2,443 (total cost of €52 million), including costs for GP (€208) and specialist (€170) consultations, outpatient procedures (€413), retail pharmacy use (€595), biological testing (€147), and medical device usage (€172). Patients with long COVID had additional costs of €163 and €176 when compared to patients in the COVID only and Non-COVID cohorts, respectively.</p><p><strong>Limitations: </strong>Since the THIN database is generated from GP EHRs, there is the possibility of measurement/documentation errors and missing values which could compromise the validity and accuracy of certain results.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Long COVID was associated with non-negligible HCRU, direct and indirect costs to the French healthcare system. These findings reinforce the importance of optimizing long-term resource allocation for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16229,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Medical Economics\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"535-543\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-12-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Medical Economics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2025.2485626\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2025/4/8 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Medical Economics","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2025.2485626","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/4/8 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES","Score":null,"Total":0}
All-cause healthcare resource utilization and costs among community-managed adults with long-COVID in France, 2020-2023.
Background: The clinical and economic burden of long COVID is poorly understood. We aim to assess all-cause healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and costs in the primary care setting among adults with long COVID in France.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study using the electronic healthcare records (EHRs) of confirmed and/or probable COVID-19 patients from The Health Improvement Network (THIN) data between March 2020 and December 2022 was conducted. Long COVID was identified per World Health Organization (WHO) definition as suggestive symptoms present ≥3 months following acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients' characteristics, HCRU, direct healthcare and indirect costs (National Health Insurance-based prices) were summarized. Costs between patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection who developed long COVID, patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection who did not develop long COVID (COVID only), and contemporaneous controls without SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared (Non-COVID).
Results: Long COVID developed among 30,122 (11.6%) adults; mean (SD) age was 50 (17) years, 63.6% were female and 27.5% had a Charlson Comorbidity Index score >2. During the post-infection follow-up (mean = 13 months), 97.3% of patients had general practitioner consultations (GP) and 62.4% had nursing care. Costs were highest during the first post-diagnosis year with per patient per year costs of €2,443 (total cost of €52 million), including costs for GP (€208) and specialist (€170) consultations, outpatient procedures (€413), retail pharmacy use (€595), biological testing (€147), and medical device usage (€172). Patients with long COVID had additional costs of €163 and €176 when compared to patients in the COVID only and Non-COVID cohorts, respectively.
Limitations: Since the THIN database is generated from GP EHRs, there is the possibility of measurement/documentation errors and missing values which could compromise the validity and accuracy of certain results.
Conclusion: Long COVID was associated with non-negligible HCRU, direct and indirect costs to the French healthcare system. These findings reinforce the importance of optimizing long-term resource allocation for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Medical Economics'' mission is to provide ethical, unbiased and rapid publication of quality content that is validated by rigorous peer review. The aim of Journal of Medical Economics is to serve the information needs of the pharmacoeconomics and healthcare research community, to help translate research advances into patient care and be a leader in transparency/disclosure by facilitating a collaborative and honest approach to publication.
Journal of Medical Economics publishes high-quality economic assessments of novel therapeutic and device interventions for an international audience