Muhammad Ahmed Hanif, Diego Maza, Devaraj van der Meer
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Effect of particle shape on the discharge from a mono-layer hopper
In this work, we performed experiments with spheres, rice-shaped particles with different aspect ratios, and macaroni-shaped particles in a quasi-two-dimensional hopper, where the thickness was adjusted to the minor dimensions of the particles such that a mono-layered system is created. We quantitatively investigate the vertical velocity and solid fraction profiles at the orifice and determine how these are influenced by the slope of the hopper. Interestingly, where the hopper angle hardly influences the velocity profile for rice-shaped particles, the magnitude of the velocity profile increases for spherical particles and decreases for macaroni particles with the steepness of the hopper. The spheres have flat solid fraction profiles for all hopper angles, but a transition from flat to dome-shaped profiles is observed with decreasing hopper steepness for all non-spherical particles. The discharge rate determined by integrating the product of the velocity and solid fraction profiles has good agreement with the experimentally measured discharge rate for all particle shapes.
Graphical Abstract
Experimental images of discharge of (a) spheres, (b) rice (as), (c) rice (al), and (d) macaroni particles. (e) Discharge rate of different particle shapes with hopper angles.
期刊介绍：
Although many phenomena observed in granular materials are still not yet fully understood, important contributions have been made to further our understanding using modern tools from statistical mechanics, micro-mechanics, and computational science.
These modern tools apply to disordered systems, phase transitions, instabilities or intermittent behavior and the performance of discrete particle simulations.
>> Until now, however, many of these results were only to be found scattered throughout the literature. Physicists are often unaware of the theories and results published by engineers or other fields - and vice versa.
The journal Granular Matter thus serves as an interdisciplinary platform of communication among researchers of various disciplines who are involved in the basic research on granular media. It helps to establish a common language and gather articles under one single roof that up to now have been spread over many journals in a variety of fields. Notwithstanding, highly applied or technical work is beyond the scope of this journal.
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