用于评估电动汽车中永磁同步电机冷却技术的高保真集总参数热模型

Dawei Liang;Zi Qiang Zhu;Ankan Dey
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摘要

本文提出了用于电动汽车(EV)应用的永磁同步电机(pmms)的高保真集总参数(LP)热模型(HF-LPTM),其中考虑了各种冷却技术,包括框架强制空气/液体冷却,末端绕组的油射流冷却和转子轴冷却。为了解决LP热建模中由于假设集中损耗输入和均匀热流而导致的温度估计错误,开发的HF-LPTM为绕组和PM组件引入了两个补偿热阻,这两个补偿热阻是由多维传热方程解析得出的,并且对不同的负载/热条件具有鲁棒性。通过有限元分析方法和实验验证,传统的lptm存在明显的绕组温度偏差,而提出的HF-LPTM可以准确地预测中点和平均温度。利用开发的HF-LPTM进一步评估了不同工况下各种冷却技术的有效性,即额定负荷工况下的稳态热状态,以及城市、高速公路和混合动力(城市+高速公路)工况下的瞬态温度分布。结果表明,没有一种冷却技术可以将绕组和PM的温度保持在安全范围内。机架液冷和端部油射流冷却相结合,可以充分缓解电动汽车应用中永磁同步电机的热应力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
High-Fidelity Lumped-Parameter Thermal Models for Assessing Cooling Techniques of PMSMs in EV Applications
This paper presents a high-fidelity lumped-parameter (LP) thermal model (HF-LPTM) for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) in electric vehicle (EV) applications, where various cooling techniques are considered, including frame forced air/liquid cooling, oil jet cooling for end-winding, and rotor shaft cooling. To address the temperature misestimation in the LP thermal modelling due to assumptions of concentrated loss input and uniform heat flows, the developed HF-LPTM introduces two compensation thermal resistances for the winding and PM components, which are analytically derived from the multidimensional heat transfer equations and are robust against different load/thermal conditions. As validated by the finite element analysis method and experiments, the conventional LPTMs exhibit significant winding temperature deviations, while the proposed HF-LPTM can accurately predict both the midpoint and average temperatures. The developed HF-LPTM is further used to assess the effectiveness of various cooling techniques under different scenarios, i.e., steady-state thermal states under the rated load condition, and transient temperature profiles under city, freeway, and hybrid (city + freeway) driving cycles. Results indicate that no single cooling technique can maintain both winding and PM temperatures within safety limits. The combination of frame liquid cooling and oil jet cooling for end winding can sufficiently mitigate PMSM thermal stress in EV applications.
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