Research on assembly performance prediction, optimal design, and adjustment methods for precision opto-mechanical system

With the rapid development of optical technology, opto-mechanical systems are widely applied in space exploration, high-energy laser applications, and ultra-precision laser processing and measurement. The precise assembly of optical components is a key factor in ensuring the performance of opto-mechanical systems. Therefore, improving the assembly performance of optical systems has become one of the hot topics in optical research. The research on the assembly performance of existing opto-mechanical systems primarily emphasizes predictive model construction, optimization of structural stiffness, assembly process planning, and automation equipment development. These studies typically address only one or a few specific issues and lack a systematic review of the overall development status and technical interrelations of high-performance assembly technologies for opto-mechanical systems. Moreover, technology that integrates “design, assembly, measurement, and adjustment” to enhance optomechanical systems has yet to be developed. Centered on two key performance metrics of opto-mechanical systems—pointing accuracy and surface distortion, this paper reviews the theoretical frameworks and technical progress of related predictive models, addressing three aspects: current research status, error analysis, and quantitative performance description methods. Secondly, from the perspectives of optimization design and adjusting processes, this paper summarizes the main technical approaches for improving optical performance, comparing, and applying deterministic and uncertainty optimization methods for optical system error factors, and analyzes their applicability and limitations. Subsequently, this paper focuses on the development status of intelligent assembly and adjustment technologies and analyzes their role in improving assembly accuracy from two aspects: assembly processes and assembly equipment. Finally, this paper concludes by summarizing the findings and envisioning future directions, offering a clear learning pathway for novices in the field of opto-mechanical system performance research, presenting specialists with perspectives on key technologies and avenues for further exploration, and providing a valuable reference for practical engineering applications and future studies, facilitating new technological breakthroughs and theoretical advancements.