Mapping the research on self-performed ultrasound: A scoping review

Objective

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is widely used for noninvasive, real-time patient assessment but requires specialized skills for image acquisition, limiting its self-care applications. Recent advancements include remote evaluation and artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted interpretation of ultrasound images. Self-performed ultrasound has emerged as a feasible approach but lacks standardized definitions and methods. This study reviews the literature on self-performed ultrasound to assess its current state and challenges, aiding future dissemination and application.

Methods

Research articles published through June 2024 were mapped across four databases using keywords related to ‘self’ or ‘tele’ and ultrasound terms. Two reviewers with POCUS expertise conducted primary and secondary screening.

Results

Of the 661 articles screened, 20 were included. These lacked a unified definition of self-performed ultrasound. However, all studies involved receiving guidance from an ultrasound specialist, either remotely or in-person, prior to or in real-time, and obtaining ultrasound images by applying the probe to one's own body. Participants did not necessarily have to interpret the images themselves. Participants included patients, pregnant women, healthy volunteers, and astronauts who performed ultrasound on various body parts. Instructions were provided either in-person or remotely, and images that were obtained were evaluated for image quality by experts.

Conclusion

With proper guidance, novices can successfully perform self-ultrasound. Standardized education, coupled with remote evaluation and AI-assisted interpretation, could expand the utility of ultrasound for health assessments beyond medical facilities, including in underserved regions and home settings.