Optimizing infection control: Evaluating nurses' knowledge and practices for preventing infections in mechanically ventilated patients.

Introduction: Infection control is crucial in healthcare, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs), where patients are at high risk of infection due to mechanical ventilation. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most common hospital-acquired infections in ICUs, leading to increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and elevated healthcare costs. Nurses are essential in implementing infection control measures to prevent these infections. Evaluating their knowledge and practices is key to identifying areas for improvement.

Aim: This study assesses ICU nurses' knowledge and practices regarding infection control, particularly in preventing VAP in mechanically ventilated patients.

Methods: A descriptive observational study was conducted at King Fahad Specialist Hospital in Saudi Arabia. Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on their experience and direct care responsibilities. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire and an observational checklist. The questionnaire assessed knowledge across domains such as infection control principles and VAP prevention, while the checklist evaluated practices like hand hygiene and adherence to VAP bundles.

Results: The study found that 61.2 % of nurses demonstrated satisfactory infection control practices, with hand hygiene showing the highest compliance (81.8 %). However, VAP bundle adherence was low (42.4 %). Knowledge gaps were also identified, especially in VAP prevention and oral care.

Conclusion: The findings suggest a need for targeted educational programs to improve infection control practices among ICU nurses. Enhanced training could address observed gaps in knowledge and practice, particularly in VAP prevention and oral care, ultimately improving patient outcomes.