摘要
该研究旨在优化使用铝混凝剂（特别是硫酸铝和盐酸铝）处理油污染废水的混凝参数。研究人员进行了实验室实验，以评估这些混凝剂在各种条件下的效率和行为。结果表明，硫酸铝的水解速度慢、解离率低，延长了絮凝体的形成和沉淀时间，形成的细小絮凝体水力粒径小，造成了水的二次污染。相比之下，羟基盐酸铝形成的絮凝体较大，孔隙较多，水力粒径较高，因此沉积速度更快，去除油类污染物的效率更高。盐酸铝的沉积时间保持一致（67-72 分钟），而硫酸铝的沉积时间则显著增加（125-229 分钟），这表明后者由于形成小的悬浮絮团而效率较低。此外，与硫酸铝相比，盐酸铝降低处理水 pH 值的趋势有所减弱，这表明水解过程更加彻底。实验结果表明，使用盐酸铝可使混凝沉淀率提高 2-3 倍，沉淀体积减少 1.5 倍，污染物去除率提高，悬浮物去除率达到 98.6%，油产品去除率达到 93.6%。最佳混凝条件为混凝剂剂量为 21 毫克/升，混凝时间为 10 分钟，沉淀时间为 60 分钟。这项工作的主要贡献在于建立了回归方程和相关系数，定量描述了混凝剂剂量、混凝时间、油产品和悬浮固体初始浓度等关键工艺参数与污染物去除效率之间的关系。研究得出结论，与硫酸铝相比，盐酸铝是一种用于油污染废水处理的优质混凝剂，能提供更快、更有效和更稳定的净化性能。The study aimed to optimize the coagulation parameters for treating oil-contaminated wastewater using aluminum coagulants, specifically aluminum sulfate and aluminum hydroxychloride. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficiency and behavior of these coagulants under various conditions. Results showed that the slow hydrolysis and low dissociation rate of aluminum sulfate prolonged floc formation and sedimentation time, creating fine flocs with low hydraulic size that contributed to secondary water pollution. In contrast, aluminum hydroxychloride formed larger, more porous flocs with higher hydraulic size, resulting in faster sedimentation and more efficient removal of oil contaminants. The sedimentation time remained consistent (67–72 min) with aluminum hydroxychloride, whereas it increased significantly (125–229 min) with aluminum sulfate, indicating the latter’s lower efficiency due to the formation of small, suspended flocs. Moreover, aluminum hydroxychloride showed a reduced tendency to lower the pH of the treated water, suggesting a more complete hydrolysis process compared to aluminum sulfate. Experimental findings established that using aluminum hydroxychloride increased coagulation and sedimentation rates by 2–3 times, reduced sediment volume by 1.5 times, and enhanced pollutant removal efficiency, achieving 98.6% removal of suspended solids and 93.6% removal of oil products. Optimal coagulation conditions were identified as a coagulant dose of 21 mg/L, coagulation time of 10 min, and settling time of 60 min. A key contribution of this work is the establishment of regression equations and correlation coefficients that quantitatively describe the relationships between critical process parameters, such as coagulant dose, coagulation time, initial concentration of oil products and suspended solids, and pollutant removal efficiency. The study concludes that aluminum hydroxychloride is a superior coagulant for oil-contaminated wastewater treatment, providing faster, more effective, and stable purification performance compared to aluminum sulfate.
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