先天和适应性免疫

A. Prieto Martín, D. Díaz Martín, L. Muñoz Zamarrón y J. Monserrat Sanz
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引用次数: 0

摘要

免疫反应分为先天和适应性。先天免疫是快速和非特异性的,利用识别病原体相关分子模式(PAMPs)或损伤相关分子模式(DAMPs)的受体对广谱病原体起作用。适应性免疫通过多种抗原特异性T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞识别特异性抗原。这个系统需要时间让抗原特异性细胞激活和增殖。这种反应产生效应T细胞和记忆T细胞克隆,在未来暴露于同一病原体时能够产生强有力、有效、快速和特异性的反应。这两个系统之间的相互作用对于生物体的有效防御至关重要。先天系统的抗原呈递细胞告知适应性细胞所检测到的病原体的性质,并使适应性反应极化,从而更有效地对抗所面对的病原体类型。先天免疫可以产生经过训练的记忆,增强其对后续暴露的反应。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Inmunidad innata y adaptativa
Immune responses are divided into innate and adaptive. Innate immunity is rapid and non-specific, acting against a broad spectrum of pathogens using receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Adaptive immunity recognizes specific antigens through a diverse repertoire of antigen-specific T and B lymphocytes. This system requires time for antigen-specific cells to activate and proliferate. This response generates effector and memory T cell clones that enable a potent, effective, rapid, and specific response in future exposures to the same pathogen. The interaction between both systems is essential for the efficient defense of the organism. The antigen-presenting cells of the innate system inform the adaptive cells about the nature of the pathogens detected and polarize the adaptive response so that it is more effective against the type of pathogen being confronted. Innate immunity can generate a trained memory that enhances its response to subsequent exposures.
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CiteScore
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