Funciones efectoras de los linfocitos T

T lymphocytes are an essential part of the antigen-specific adaptive immune response. This update will explore the concept, functions, and main characteristics of these lymphocytes, the particularities of their receptor, and subpopulations based on their receptor. It will analyze the functional states based on the antigenic encounter, what signals are necessary for their activation, and how they differentiate after encountering an antigen. Attention will be paid to the effector functions of helper and cytotoxic T cells, as well as their differentiation into subpopulations such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg. In addition, it will examine other polarizations described for T lymphocytes, including Tfh, Th9, and Th22. It will also address the study of Tγδ lymphocytes, NKT cells, and cytotoxic CD4 T cells, as well as tissue-resident memory T cells. Lastly, it will analyze how the immunological memory of T lymphocytes is generated and how their exhaustion occurs.