Design and analysis of improved rectangular-shape millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna for 5 G and future generation wireless communication systems

Microstrip patch antennas (MPA) are one of the most efficient when it comes to handheld devices using wireless communication systems because they are low-profile, less expensive, and not difficult to manufacture. The current evolution experienced in the world of communication systems requires that the incorporated antennas be upgraded to meet the high-capacity demands. The aim of this paper is to design and an improved rectangular-shape MPA for 5 G and other future generations wireless communication systems. The proposed improved rectangular-shaped microstrip patch antenna resonates at 31.5 GHz centre frequency using a substrate FR4 with a dielectric constant of 4.4 and a thickness of 1.6 mm. The proposed antenna is simulated using the High Frequency Simulation Software (HFSS). The antenna produces a return loss of -28.39 dB and a gain and directivity of 7.04 dB and 8.25 dB, respectively, while also having a bandwidth of 4.9 GHz. When compared to other MPAs from recent publications, the proposed antenna has significant improvements in terms of return loss, and bandwidth, etc. Thus making it a good choice when compared with other MPAs in 5 G and future-generation wireless systems.