Navigating Barriers to Dental Care for Patients with Down Syndrome: A Scoping Review of Challenges and Strategies.

Objective: Access to dental care is critical for overall health, yet individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) face numerous barriers, including communication difficulties, insufficiently trained professionals, and financial constraints leading to poor oral health outcomes. These obstacles are compounded by a shortage of specialized services and geographic disparities that limit access to appropriate care. This scoping review aimed to explore the existing literature about these barriers and to identify strategies to enhance dental care for this vulnerable population.

Methods: This scoping review followed the Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Review guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science focusing on peer-reviewed studies published in English within the last 10 years that examined barriers and strategies related to patients with DS. To ensure methodological rigor, eligible studies were independently screened and reviewed by two reviewers. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion, and if consensus could not be reached, a third reviewer made the final decision. Data were extracted using a standardized form. The extracted data were analyzed and synthesized to identify and categorize barriers and strategies across different studies.

Results: The initial search yielded 58 articles, with 42 remaining after duplicates were removed. Following titles and abstracts screening, 13 studies were considered for full-text review, and 6 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies, published between 2015 and 2023, primarily employed cross-sectional designs and identified key barriers, including challenges in maintaining oral hygiene, limited access to specialized dental services, and behavioral and sensory difficulties affecting dental care for children with DS. Strategies to overcome these barriers included enhancing dental professional training, developing tailored care approaches, and integrating preventive dental programs into broader health initiatives.

Conclusions: This review highlights significant, persistent barriers to dental care for children with DS. By emphasizing the need for enhanced dental professional training, personalized care approaches, and integrated preventive programs, this review provides a framework for improving dental care accessibility for this population. Addressing these barriers can lead to better oral health outcomes and improved overall well-being for children with DS.