Association analysis of response to take-all disease with agronomic traits and molecular markers and selection ideal genotypes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes.

Take-all disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Gaeumannomyces tritici, severely impacts the growth and grain yield of wheat. Identifying loci associated with disease resistance can be achieved through molecular methods, along with data on morphological traits and disease severity. This study analyzed 100 bread wheat genotypes using molecular markers (SSR, IRAP technique, and translocation wheat-rye) and agronomical traits to pinpoint loci related to resistance to take-all disease. In this research, we propose a new approach using TOPSIS method for identifying ideal genotypes with resistance to take-all disease and the best in point of other agronomic traits. Genotypes were grouped based on agronomical traits (yield and its components) observed in the field, as well as root weight characteristics, root lignin content, and disease severity. These groupings effectively distinguished between resistant and sensitive genotypes. Stepwise regression techniques unveiled significant loci linked to disease resistance and agronomical traits. The presence of common loci suggests a potential pleiotropic nature of disease resistance. Molecular analysis exposed interactive loci contributing to trait variations and disease resistance, indicating gene-by-gene interactions. Using the IRAP technique, a locus from the LTR retrotransposon marker (LTR14) showed a strong correlation with take-all disease resistance and agronomic traits. This marker can serve as an informative and promising candidate for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs. The TOPSIS method assisted in identifying genotypes showing high yield and resistance to take-all disease.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-025-01554-4.