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引用次数: 0
摘要
焦虑症是世界上最普遍的疾病之一，对许多人来说非常虚弱，造成数百万人残疾。其中最致残的是创伤后应激障碍（Snijders et al., 2020）。进一步了解这些疾病的病理生理学和所涉及的细胞类型将有助于更好地靶向治疗。胶质细胞，包括小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞，在创伤后应激障碍和其他焦虑疾病的病理生理中起着关键作用。这些细胞类型中的每一种都与神经表观遗传学、神经免疫和神经元信号相互作用，并可能参与焦虑症的病理生理学。本章涵盖了神经胶质细胞在神经生物学和焦虑症病理中的作用的文献，更具体地说，PTSD。从神经生物学的角度来看，创伤后应激障碍是最令人衰弱的焦虑症之一，也是最复杂的焦虑症之一。本章还围绕治疗的现状和一些新治疗的假设机制进行了讨论，包括四氢大麻二酚和3,4-亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺。最后，对未来以神经胶质细胞为重点的精准治疗和药理发展方向进行了展望。
Anxiety disorders are some of the most prevalent in the world and are extraordinarily debilitating to many individuals, costing millions in disability. One of the most disabling is posttraumatic stress disorder (Snijders et al., 2020). Understanding the pathophysiology of these illnesses further and the cell types involved will allow better targeting of treatments. Glial cells, encompassing microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, play critical roles in the pathophysiology of PTSD and other anxiety illnesses. Each of these cell types interacts with aspects of neuro-epigenetics, neuroimmune, and neuronal signaling and may contribute to the pathophysiology of anxiety illnesses. This chapter covers the literature on the role of glial cells in the neurobiology and pathology of anxiety disorders, more specifically PTSD. PTSD is one of the most debilitating anxiety disorders and one of the most complicated from a neurobiologic perspective. This chapter also features a discussion surrounding the current state of treatment and some of the hypothesized mechanisms for novel treatments including tetrahydrocannabidiol and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine. Finally, thoughts on the future directions for precision treatment and pharmacologic development with a focus on neuroglia are undertaken.
期刊介绍：
The Handbook of Clinical Neurology (HCN) was originally conceived and edited by Pierre Vinken and George Bruyn as a prestigious, multivolume reference work that would cover all the disorders encountered by clinicians and researchers engaged in neurology and allied fields. The first series of the Handbook (Volumes 1-44) was published between 1968 and 1982 and was followed by a second series (Volumes 45-78), guided by the same editors, which concluded in 2002. By that time, the Handbook had come to represent one of the largest scientific works ever published. In 2002, Professors Michael J. Aminoff, François Boller, and Dick F. Swaab took on the responsibility of supervising the third (current) series, the first volumes of which published in 2003. They have designed this series to encompass both clinical neurology and also the basic and clinical neurosciences that are its underpinning. Given the enormity and complexity of the accumulating literature, it is almost impossible to keep abreast of developments in the field, thus providing the raison d''être for the series. The series will thus appeal to clinicians and investigators alike, providing to each an added dimension. Now, more than 140 volumes after it began, the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series has an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest information on fundamental research on the operation of the nervous system in health and disease, comprehensive clinical information on neurological and related disorders, and up-to-date treatment protocols.
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