Nicolas Pätzmann , Josef Beránek , Brendan T. Griffin , Martin Kuentz , Patrick J. O'Dwyer
{"title":"GFA III类药物的共磨:比较低和高玻璃化转变温度的影响。","authors":"Nicolas Pätzmann , Josef Beránek , Brendan T. Griffin , Martin Kuentz , Patrick J. O'Dwyer","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107081","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With an increasing focus on sustainable technologies in the pharmaceutical industry, milling provides a solvent-free approach to improve drug dissolution. Milling of drugs with an excipient offers additional opportunities to achieve supersaturation kinetics. Therefore, this work aims to present insights of co-milling fenofibrate and apremilast, two good glass formers with low and high glass transition temperatures (T<sub>g</sub>s) respectively. Drugs were co-milled with croscarmellose sodium for various process durations followed by thermal analysis, investigation of crystallinity, surface area and dissolution. The dissolution enhancement of the low-T<sub>g</sub> glass former fenofibrate highly correlated with the process-induced increase in surface area of co-milled systems (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96). In contrast, the high-T<sub>g</sub> glass former apremilast lost its crystalline order gradually after ≥ 10 min of co-milling, and favourable supersaturation kinetics during biorelevant dissolution testing were observed. Interestingly, the melting point of co-milled apremilast decreased and linearly correlated with the highest measured drug concentration (c<sub>max</sub>) during <em>in vitro</em> dissolution (onset temperature R<sup>2</sup> = 0.98; peak temperature R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96). The melting point depression remained stable after 90 days for apremilast, whereas fenofibrate co-milled for 20 min or more showed an increase in melting point upon storage. This study demonstrated that co-milling with croscarmellose sodium is ideally suited to good glass formers with a high T<sub>g</sub>. The melting point depression is thereby proposed as an easily accessible critical quality attribute to estimate likely dissolution performance of drugs in dry co-milled formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 107081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Co-milling of glass forming ability class III drugs: Comparing the impact of low and high glass transition temperatures\",\"authors\":\"Nicolas Pätzmann , Josef Beránek , Brendan T. Griffin , Martin Kuentz , Patrick J. O'Dwyer\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ejps.2025.107081\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>With an increasing focus on sustainable technologies in the pharmaceutical industry, milling provides a solvent-free approach to improve drug dissolution. Milling of drugs with an excipient offers additional opportunities to achieve supersaturation kinetics. Therefore, this work aims to present insights of co-milling fenofibrate and apremilast, two good glass formers with low and high glass transition temperatures (T<sub>g</sub>s) respectively. Drugs were co-milled with croscarmellose sodium for various process durations followed by thermal analysis, investigation of crystallinity, surface area and dissolution. The dissolution enhancement of the low-T<sub>g</sub> glass former fenofibrate highly correlated with the process-induced increase in surface area of co-milled systems (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96). In contrast, the high-T<sub>g</sub> glass former apremilast lost its crystalline order gradually after ≥ 10 min of co-milling, and favourable supersaturation kinetics during biorelevant dissolution testing were observed. Interestingly, the melting point of co-milled apremilast decreased and linearly correlated with the highest measured drug concentration (c<sub>max</sub>) during <em>in vitro</em> dissolution (onset temperature R<sup>2</sup> = 0.98; peak temperature R<sup>2</sup> = 0.96). The melting point depression remained stable after 90 days for apremilast, whereas fenofibrate co-milled for 20 min or more showed an increase in melting point upon storage. This study demonstrated that co-milling with croscarmellose sodium is ideally suited to good glass formers with a high T<sub>g</sub>. The melting point depression is thereby proposed as an easily accessible critical quality attribute to estimate likely dissolution performance of drugs in dry co-milled formulations.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":12018,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences\",\"volume\":\"209 \",\"pages\":\"Article 107081\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-03-24\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928098725000806\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928098725000806","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Co-milling of glass forming ability class III drugs: Comparing the impact of low and high glass transition temperatures
With an increasing focus on sustainable technologies in the pharmaceutical industry, milling provides a solvent-free approach to improve drug dissolution. Milling of drugs with an excipient offers additional opportunities to achieve supersaturation kinetics. Therefore, this work aims to present insights of co-milling fenofibrate and apremilast, two good glass formers with low and high glass transition temperatures (Tgs) respectively. Drugs were co-milled with croscarmellose sodium for various process durations followed by thermal analysis, investigation of crystallinity, surface area and dissolution. The dissolution enhancement of the low-Tg glass former fenofibrate highly correlated with the process-induced increase in surface area of co-milled systems (R2 = 0.96). In contrast, the high-Tg glass former apremilast lost its crystalline order gradually after ≥ 10 min of co-milling, and favourable supersaturation kinetics during biorelevant dissolution testing were observed. Interestingly, the melting point of co-milled apremilast decreased and linearly correlated with the highest measured drug concentration (cmax) during in vitro dissolution (onset temperature R2 = 0.98; peak temperature R2 = 0.96). The melting point depression remained stable after 90 days for apremilast, whereas fenofibrate co-milled for 20 min or more showed an increase in melting point upon storage. This study demonstrated that co-milling with croscarmellose sodium is ideally suited to good glass formers with a high Tg. The melting point depression is thereby proposed as an easily accessible critical quality attribute to estimate likely dissolution performance of drugs in dry co-milled formulations.
期刊介绍:
The journal publishes research articles, review articles and scientific commentaries on all aspects of the pharmaceutical sciences with emphasis on conceptual novelty and scientific quality. The Editors welcome articles in this multidisciplinary field, with a focus on topics relevant for drug discovery and development.
More specifically, the Journal publishes reports on medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, drug absorption and metabolism, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis, drug delivery (including gene delivery), drug targeting, pharmaceutical technology, pharmaceutical biotechnology and clinical drug evaluation. The journal will typically not give priority to manuscripts focusing primarily on organic synthesis, natural products, adaptation of analytical approaches, or discussions pertaining to drug policy making.
Scientific commentaries and review articles are generally by invitation only or by consent of the Editors. Proceedings of scientific meetings may be published as special issues or supplements to the Journal.