Xiaoxia Li, Liping Huang, Bo Zhou, Zhifang Li, Jixin Sun, Yan Yu, Hongyi Song, Maoyi Tian, Xuejun Yin, Bruce Neal, Yuhong Zhang, Yangfeng Wu, Yi Zhao
{"title":"盐替代对累积血压的影响:SSaSS的二次分析","authors":"Xiaoxia Li, Liping Huang, Bo Zhou, Zhifang Li, Jixin Sun, Yan Yu, Hongyi Song, Maoyi Tian, Xuejun Yin, Bruce Neal, Yuhong Zhang, Yangfeng Wu, Yi Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10654-025-01216-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of a potassium-enriched salt substitute on cumulative blood pressure (BP) remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of a potassium-enriched salt substitute versus regular salt on cumulative and conventional measures of systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP). We analyzed data from the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS), a 5-year cluster randomized controlled trial in rural of China with 20,995 participants. The intervention used salt substitute; controls used regular salt. BP was measured for all participants at baseline, among subsamples at 12-month intervals, and for all alive at 60 months. Cumulative BP was calculated as the average between baseline and follow-up measures multiplied by the time between them (mmHg × year). Linear mixed models were used to assess the effects of salt substitution on BP outcomes at each follow-up visit. After a mean 4.74 years of follow-up, salt substitute compared to the regular salt lowered the cumulative SBP with a mean (SD) of 740 (85) vs. 750 (87) mmHg×year. Salt substitute also lowered cumulative MAP and PP, with means (SD) of 560 (58) vs. 566 (59) mmHg×year, and 306 (67) vs. 313 (68) mmHg×year, respectively. Similar beneficial effects of the salt substitute were observed for traditional measurements of SBP, MAP, and PP. There was no difference in either cumulative DBP (434 vs. 437 mmHg × year) or traditional DBP (85 vs. 86 mmHg). Salt substitute significantly reduced cumulative and traditional SBP, MAP, and PP, but not DBP.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Trial registration</h3><p>SSaSS ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT0 2,092,090.</p>","PeriodicalId":11907,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of salt substitution on cumulative blood pressure: a secondary analysis of the SSaSS\",\"authors\":\"Xiaoxia Li, Liping Huang, Bo Zhou, Zhifang Li, Jixin Sun, Yan Yu, Hongyi Song, Maoyi Tian, Xuejun Yin, Bruce Neal, Yuhong Zhang, Yangfeng Wu, Yi Zhao\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s10654-025-01216-x\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Abstract</h3><p>The effect of a potassium-enriched salt substitute on cumulative blood pressure (BP) remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of a potassium-enriched salt substitute versus regular salt on cumulative and conventional measures of systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP). We analyzed data from the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS), a 5-year cluster randomized controlled trial in rural of China with 20,995 participants. The intervention used salt substitute; controls used regular salt. BP was measured for all participants at baseline, among subsamples at 12-month intervals, and for all alive at 60 months. Cumulative BP was calculated as the average between baseline and follow-up measures multiplied by the time between them (mmHg × year). Linear mixed models were used to assess the effects of salt substitution on BP outcomes at each follow-up visit. After a mean 4.74 years of follow-up, salt substitute compared to the regular salt lowered the cumulative SBP with a mean (SD) of 740 (85) vs. 750 (87) mmHg×year. Salt substitute also lowered cumulative MAP and PP, with means (SD) of 560 (58) vs. 566 (59) mmHg×year, and 306 (67) vs. 313 (68) mmHg×year, respectively. Similar beneficial effects of the salt substitute were observed for traditional measurements of SBP, MAP, and PP. There was no difference in either cumulative DBP (434 vs. 437 mmHg × year) or traditional DBP (85 vs. 86 mmHg). Salt substitute significantly reduced cumulative and traditional SBP, MAP, and PP, but not DBP.</p><h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Trial registration</h3><p>SSaSS ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT0 2,092,090.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":11907,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"European Journal of Epidemiology\",\"volume\":\"37 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-03-27\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"European Journal of Epidemiology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01216-x\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"European Journal of Epidemiology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-025-01216-x","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
摘要富钾盐替代品对累积血压(BP)的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在评估富钾盐替代品与常规盐对收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、平均动脉压(MAP)和脉压(PP)累积和常规测量的长期影响。我们分析了盐替代品与卒中研究(SSaSS)的数据,这是一项在中国农村进行的为期5年的随机对照试验,共有20,995名参与者。干预采用盐替代品;对照组使用常规盐。在基线时测量所有参与者的血压,每隔12个月测量一次亚样本,并在60个月时测量所有存活者的血压。累积血压计算为基线和随访测量之间的平均值乘以两者之间的时间(mmHg ×年)。使用线性混合模型评估每次随访时盐替代对血压结果的影响。经过平均4.74年的随访,与常规盐相比,盐替代品降低了累积收缩压,平均(SD)为740(85)比750 (87)mmHg×year。盐替代品也降低了累积MAP和PP,平均值(SD)分别为560(58)对566 (59)mmHg×year和306(67)对313 (68)mmHg×year。在传统的收缩压、MAP和PP测量中也观察到类似的有益效果。无论是累积舒张压(434 vs 437 mmHg ×年)还是传统舒张压(85 vs 86 mmHg)都没有差异。盐替代品可显著降低累积和传统的收缩压、MAP和PP,但不能降低舒张压。试验注册ssass ClinicalTrials.gov编号:NCT0 2,092,090。
Effects of salt substitution on cumulative blood pressure: a secondary analysis of the SSaSS
Abstract
The effect of a potassium-enriched salt substitute on cumulative blood pressure (BP) remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of a potassium-enriched salt substitute versus regular salt on cumulative and conventional measures of systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP). We analyzed data from the Salt Substitute and Stroke Study (SSaSS), a 5-year cluster randomized controlled trial in rural of China with 20,995 participants. The intervention used salt substitute; controls used regular salt. BP was measured for all participants at baseline, among subsamples at 12-month intervals, and for all alive at 60 months. Cumulative BP was calculated as the average between baseline and follow-up measures multiplied by the time between them (mmHg × year). Linear mixed models were used to assess the effects of salt substitution on BP outcomes at each follow-up visit. After a mean 4.74 years of follow-up, salt substitute compared to the regular salt lowered the cumulative SBP with a mean (SD) of 740 (85) vs. 750 (87) mmHg×year. Salt substitute also lowered cumulative MAP and PP, with means (SD) of 560 (58) vs. 566 (59) mmHg×year, and 306 (67) vs. 313 (68) mmHg×year, respectively. Similar beneficial effects of the salt substitute were observed for traditional measurements of SBP, MAP, and PP. There was no difference in either cumulative DBP (434 vs. 437 mmHg × year) or traditional DBP (85 vs. 86 mmHg). Salt substitute significantly reduced cumulative and traditional SBP, MAP, and PP, but not DBP.
期刊介绍:
The European Journal of Epidemiology, established in 1985, is a peer-reviewed publication that provides a platform for discussions on epidemiology in its broadest sense. It covers various aspects of epidemiologic research and statistical methods. The journal facilitates communication between researchers, educators, and practitioners in epidemiology, including those in clinical and community medicine. Contributions from diverse fields such as public health, preventive medicine, clinical medicine, health economics, and computational biology and data science, in relation to health and disease, are encouraged. While accepting submissions from all over the world, the journal particularly emphasizes European topics relevant to epidemiology. The published articles consist of empirical research findings, developments in methodology, and opinion pieces.