Hongxiu Ma, Peng Jiang, Xiaojuan Zhang, Ruliang Liu, Quan Sun, Lei Wang
{"title":"优化灌溉方式对西北干旱区紫花苜蓿生长、水氮利用及分布的调控","authors":"Hongxiu Ma, Peng Jiang, Xiaojuan Zhang, Ruliang Liu, Quan Sun, Lei Wang","doi":"10.3389/fpls.2025.1517398","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The water and nitrogen use efficiency of alfalfa is very low in the arid region of Northwest China currently. In this field experiments in 2022 and 2023, the effects of traditional flood irrigation (FI-12, 1200 mm; FI-8, 880 mm), sprinkler irrigation (SI-8, 880 mm; SI-5, 520 mm), and subsurface drip irrigation (DI-5, 520 mm; DI-8, 880 mm)) on alfalfa yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were studied. The results showed that the DI and SI treatments, especially DI-5, increased alfalfa seed yield by increasing the number of inflorescences and pods compared with the FI treatments. The DI and SI treatments, especially DI, reduced water loss during the first two crops in each growing season compared with the FI treatments, improving the WUE. The DI treatments had the lowest root/shoot ratio (R/S), which facilitated the distribution of photosynthetic products to the reproductive organs and inhibited the overgrowth of the root system. The small R/S in the late growth stage of the DI-5 treatment also helped to achieve high WUE. Besides, the DI treatments also had the largest root length density, which promoted the uptake and utilization of water and nitrogen by alfalfa. The DI treatments increased the nitrogen accumulation of plants, and reduced the soil nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup>-N) leaching and NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization at maturity stage compared with the SI and FI treatments, improving the NUE. In summary, the subsurface drip fertigation, especially DI-5, coordinated the vegetative and reproductive growth, and reduced the water loss, nitrate leaching, and NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization, improving the seed yield, WUE, and NUE of alfalfa. This study will advance understanding of the mechanism of subsurface drip irrigation regulating alfalfa root growth and water and nitrogen use, and provide a scientific basis for the application of subsurface drip fertigation in arid and semi-arid areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":12632,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Plant Science","volume":"16 ","pages":"1517398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11936995/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Regulation of alfalfa growth, water and nitrogen utilization and distribution in arid region of Northwest China by optimizing irrigation method.\",\"authors\":\"Hongxiu Ma, Peng Jiang, Xiaojuan Zhang, Ruliang Liu, Quan Sun, Lei Wang\",\"doi\":\"10.3389/fpls.2025.1517398\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The water and nitrogen use efficiency of alfalfa is very low in the arid region of Northwest China currently. In this field experiments in 2022 and 2023, the effects of traditional flood irrigation (FI-12, 1200 mm; FI-8, 880 mm), sprinkler irrigation (SI-8, 880 mm; SI-5, 520 mm), and subsurface drip irrigation (DI-5, 520 mm; DI-8, 880 mm)) on alfalfa yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were studied. The results showed that the DI and SI treatments, especially DI-5, increased alfalfa seed yield by increasing the number of inflorescences and pods compared with the FI treatments. The DI and SI treatments, especially DI, reduced water loss during the first two crops in each growing season compared with the FI treatments, improving the WUE. The DI treatments had the lowest root/shoot ratio (R/S), which facilitated the distribution of photosynthetic products to the reproductive organs and inhibited the overgrowth of the root system. The small R/S in the late growth stage of the DI-5 treatment also helped to achieve high WUE. Besides, the DI treatments also had the largest root length density, which promoted the uptake and utilization of water and nitrogen by alfalfa. The DI treatments increased the nitrogen accumulation of plants, and reduced the soil nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup>-N) leaching and NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization at maturity stage compared with the SI and FI treatments, improving the NUE. In summary, the subsurface drip fertigation, especially DI-5, coordinated the vegetative and reproductive growth, and reduced the water loss, nitrate leaching, and NH<sub>3</sub> volatilization, improving the seed yield, WUE, and NUE of alfalfa. 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Regulation of alfalfa growth, water and nitrogen utilization and distribution in arid region of Northwest China by optimizing irrigation method.
The water and nitrogen use efficiency of alfalfa is very low in the arid region of Northwest China currently. In this field experiments in 2022 and 2023, the effects of traditional flood irrigation (FI-12, 1200 mm; FI-8, 880 mm), sprinkler irrigation (SI-8, 880 mm; SI-5, 520 mm), and subsurface drip irrigation (DI-5, 520 mm; DI-8, 880 mm)) on alfalfa yield, water use efficiency (WUE), and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were studied. The results showed that the DI and SI treatments, especially DI-5, increased alfalfa seed yield by increasing the number of inflorescences and pods compared with the FI treatments. The DI and SI treatments, especially DI, reduced water loss during the first two crops in each growing season compared with the FI treatments, improving the WUE. The DI treatments had the lowest root/shoot ratio (R/S), which facilitated the distribution of photosynthetic products to the reproductive organs and inhibited the overgrowth of the root system. The small R/S in the late growth stage of the DI-5 treatment also helped to achieve high WUE. Besides, the DI treatments also had the largest root length density, which promoted the uptake and utilization of water and nitrogen by alfalfa. The DI treatments increased the nitrogen accumulation of plants, and reduced the soil nitrate (NO3--N) leaching and NH3 volatilization at maturity stage compared with the SI and FI treatments, improving the NUE. In summary, the subsurface drip fertigation, especially DI-5, coordinated the vegetative and reproductive growth, and reduced the water loss, nitrate leaching, and NH3 volatilization, improving the seed yield, WUE, and NUE of alfalfa. This study will advance understanding of the mechanism of subsurface drip irrigation regulating alfalfa root growth and water and nitrogen use, and provide a scientific basis for the application of subsurface drip fertigation in arid and semi-arid areas.
期刊介绍：
In an ever changing world, plant science is of the utmost importance for securing the future well-being of humankind. Plants provide oxygen, food, feed, fibers, and building materials. In addition, they are a diverse source of industrial and pharmaceutical chemicals. Plants are centrally important to the health of ecosystems, and their understanding is critical for learning how to manage and maintain a sustainable biosphere. Plant science is extremely interdisciplinary, reaching from agricultural science to paleobotany, and molecular physiology to ecology. It uses the latest developments in computer science, optics, molecular biology and genomics to address challenges in model systems, agricultural crops, and ecosystems. Plant science research inquires into the form, function, development, diversity, reproduction, evolution and uses of both higher and lower plants and their interactions with other organisms throughout the biosphere. Frontiers in Plant Science welcomes outstanding contributions in any field of plant science from basic to applied research, from organismal to molecular studies, from single plant analysis to studies of populations and whole ecosystems, and from molecular to biophysical to computational approaches.
Frontiers in Plant Science publishes articles on the most outstanding discoveries across a wide research spectrum of Plant Science. The mission of Frontiers in Plant Science is to bring all relevant Plant Science areas together on a single platform.
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