Beatriz Louise Costa Themistocles, Fernanda Mussi Gazolla Jannuzzi, Alexandra Maria Monteiro Grisolia, Elisabeth Machado, Isabel Rey Madeira, Eliete Bouskela, Paulo Farinatti, Cecilia Lacroix de Oliveira, Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg
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Understanding this relationship may be crucial for managing paediatric obesity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 93 participants (50 males, 5-12 years), categorized as healthy weight (HW, n = 34), overweight (OV, n = 10), obese (OB, n = 23) and severe obesity (SOB, n = 26). 24-h dietary recalls assessed participants' caloric and energy substrate intake, analysed for the morning (until 11 am), afternoon (11 am to 6 pm), night (after 6:01 pm), and total daily intake. Cardiometabolic risk was evaluated through fasting glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and ultrasound analysis of abdominal fat (AF) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OB and SOB subjects had significantly higher (p < 0.001) insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TG, and AF, compared to HW subjects. SOB subjects showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total daily protein intake than HW subjects. Considering the total sample, morning carbohydrate intake was inversely associated (p < 0.05; r = -0.21) with TC. Afternoon total calories (r = -0.33), carbohydrate (r = -0.35), and lipid (r = -0.23) intake were inversely associated (p < 0.05) with insulinemia. Higher lipid intake was linked to lower HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.22), while protein intake was linked to higher BMI Z-Score (r = 0.25) and glycemia (r = 0.23). Nighttime protein intake was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI Z-Score (r = 0.24), insulinemia (r = 0.24), HOMA-IR (r = 0.27), TG (r = 0.25), AF (r = 0.25), and CIMT (r = 0.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher morning and afternoon carbohydrate intake, increased afternoon caloric and lipid intake, and lower afternoon and night protein intake in prepubescents were associated with a better health profile, including improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":217,"journal":{"name":"Pediatric Obesity","volume":" ","pages":"e70013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk in prepubertal children with and without excess weight.\",\"authors\":\"Beatriz Louise Costa Themistocles, Fernanda Mussi Gazolla Jannuzzi, Alexandra Maria Monteiro Grisolia, Elisabeth Machado, Isabel Rey Madeira, Eliete Bouskela, Paulo Farinatti, Cecilia Lacroix de Oliveira, Paulo Ferrez Collett-Solberg\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/ijpo.70013\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chrononutrition may affect childhood cardiometabolic health. Understanding this relationship may be crucial for managing paediatric obesity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 93 participants (50 males, 5-12 years), categorized as healthy weight (HW, n = 34), overweight (OV, n = 10), obese (OB, n = 23) and severe obesity (SOB, n = 26). 24-h dietary recalls assessed participants' caloric and energy substrate intake, analysed for the morning (until 11 am), afternoon (11 am to 6 pm), night (after 6:01 pm), and total daily intake. Cardiometabolic risk was evaluated through fasting glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and ultrasound analysis of abdominal fat (AF) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OB and SOB subjects had significantly higher (p < 0.001) insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TG, and AF, compared to HW subjects. SOB subjects showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total daily protein intake than HW subjects. Considering the total sample, morning carbohydrate intake was inversely associated (p < 0.05; r = -0.21) with TC. Afternoon total calories (r = -0.33), carbohydrate (r = -0.35), and lipid (r = -0.23) intake were inversely associated (p < 0.05) with insulinemia. Higher lipid intake was linked to lower HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.22), while protein intake was linked to higher BMI Z-Score (r = 0.25) and glycemia (r = 0.23). Nighttime protein intake was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI Z-Score (r = 0.24), insulinemia (r = 0.24), HOMA-IR (r = 0.27), TG (r = 0.25), AF (r = 0.25), and CIMT (r = 0.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher morning and afternoon carbohydrate intake, increased afternoon caloric and lipid intake, and lower afternoon and night protein intake in prepubescents were associated with a better health profile, including improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":217,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Pediatric Obesity\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"e70013\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-03-26\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Pediatric Obesity\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70013\",\"RegionNum\":3,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"PEDIATRICS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Pediatric Obesity","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.70013","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PEDIATRICS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景：时间营养可能影响儿童心脏代谢健康。了解这种关系可能对控制儿童肥胖至关重要。目的：探讨青春期前儿童时间营养与心脏代谢危险因素的关系。方法：本横断面研究纳入93名参与者（50名男性，5-12岁），分为健康体重（HW, n = 34）、超重（OV, n = 10）、肥胖（OB, n = 23）和严重肥胖（SOB, n = 26）。24小时饮食回顾评估了参与者的热量和能量底物摄入量，分析了早上（直到上午11点）、下午（上午11点至下午6点）、晚上（下午6点01分之后）和每天的总摄入量。通过空腹血糖、胰岛素血症、HOMA-IR、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯（TG）、腹部脂肪（AF）和颈动脉内膜-中膜厚度（CIMT）的超声分析来评估心脏代谢风险。结论：青春期前儿童上午和下午碳水化合物摄入量增加，下午热量和脂质摄入量增加，下午和晚上蛋白质摄入量减少与较好的健康状况相关，包括心脏代谢危险因素的改善。
Relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk in prepubertal children with and without excess weight.
Background: Chrononutrition may affect childhood cardiometabolic health. Understanding this relationship may be crucial for managing paediatric obesity.
Objective: To investigate the relationship between chrononutrition and cardiometabolic risk factors in prepubertal children.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 93 participants (50 males, 5-12 years), categorized as healthy weight (HW, n = 34), overweight (OV, n = 10), obese (OB, n = 23) and severe obesity (SOB, n = 26). 24-h dietary recalls assessed participants' caloric and energy substrate intake, analysed for the morning (until 11 am), afternoon (11 am to 6 pm), night (after 6:01 pm), and total daily intake. Cardiometabolic risk was evaluated through fasting glycemia, insulinemia, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), and ultrasound analysis of abdominal fat (AF) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT).
Results: OB and SOB subjects had significantly higher (p < 0.001) insulinemia, HOMA-IR, TG, and AF, compared to HW subjects. SOB subjects showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total daily protein intake than HW subjects. Considering the total sample, morning carbohydrate intake was inversely associated (p < 0.05; r = -0.21) with TC. Afternoon total calories (r = -0.33), carbohydrate (r = -0.35), and lipid (r = -0.23) intake were inversely associated (p < 0.05) with insulinemia. Higher lipid intake was linked to lower HDL-cholesterol (r = -0.22), while protein intake was linked to higher BMI Z-Score (r = 0.25) and glycemia (r = 0.23). Nighttime protein intake was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with BMI Z-Score (r = 0.24), insulinemia (r = 0.24), HOMA-IR (r = 0.27), TG (r = 0.25), AF (r = 0.25), and CIMT (r = 0.27).
Conclusion: Higher morning and afternoon carbohydrate intake, increased afternoon caloric and lipid intake, and lower afternoon and night protein intake in prepubescents were associated with a better health profile, including improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors.
期刊介绍：
Pediatric Obesity is a peer-reviewed, monthly journal devoted to research into obesity during childhood and adolescence. The topic is currently at the centre of intense interest in the scientific community, and is of increasing concern to health policy-makers and the public at large.
Pediatric Obesity has established itself as the leading journal for high quality papers in this field, including, but not limited to, the following:
Genetic, molecular, biochemical and physiological aspects of obesity – basic, applied and clinical studies relating to mechanisms of the development of obesity throughout the life course and the consequent effects of obesity on health outcomes
Metabolic consequences of child and adolescent obesity
Epidemiological and population-based studies of child and adolescent overweight and obesity
Measurement and diagnostic issues in assessing child and adolescent adiposity, physical activity and nutrition
Clinical management of children and adolescents with obesity including studies of treatment and prevention
Co-morbidities linked to child and adolescent obesity – mechanisms, assessment, and treatment
Life-cycle factors eg familial, intrauterine and developmental aspects of child and adolescent obesity
Nutrition security and the "double burden" of obesity and malnutrition
Health promotion strategies around the issues of obesity, nutrition and physical activity in children and adolescents
Community and public health measures to prevent overweight and obesity in children and adolescents.
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