Eco-conscious flame retardants for enhanced fire resistance in natural fiber reinforced polymers composite: A review bio-based, and industry implications

This review provides a comprehensive analysis of eco-conscious flame retardants for enhancing fire resistance in natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs). It examines current research methods, highlighting their advantages, limitations, and challenges in testing and evaluation. Traditional flame retardants and their drawbacks are discussed, emphasizing the benefits of NFRPCs and the potential of bio-based alternatives. The paper explores various types of bio-based flame retardants, their mechanisms of action, and their effectiveness in improving fire performance while maintaining material properties. Furthermore, the review delves into recent methodologies, functional groups, and the mechanisms involved in eco-friendly flame retardancy, analyzing their strengths, weaknesses, and emerging trends. Challenges related to compliance with industry standards, regulatory frameworks, and sustainable production practices are also addressed. The potential of utilizing waste biomass for flame retardancy is discussed, offering a pathway towards a circular economy. Additionally, the broader impacts on fire safety and hazard mitigation are explored. The review identifies key research gaps and future directions to advance the field of sustainable flame retardancy. Despite existing challenges, interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial in driving innovation and achieving sustainable fire safety solutions for composite materials.