Effect of Coriolis force on thermally radiative rotating hybrid nanofluid flow over a bi-directional stretching sheet

This paper aims to investigate the flow of 3-dimensional hydromagnetic hybrid nanofluids throughout a stretching surface. The combination of titanium and its compounds with water results in an effective hybrid nanofluid that is proficient at efficiently allowing the transfer of heat and mass. Thermal radiation is considered using convective boundary conditions. The theoretical formulation of the physical model is done by examining a system of partial differential equations. Upon implementing appropriate similarity transformations, the framework was transformed into a corresponding system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The Spectral Quasi-linearization Method (SQLM) is employed to solve and analyze the system numerically. Furthermore, the physical interest coefficients of skin friction and the Nusselt number for heat transfer have been determined both numerically and graphically. The stability, convergence, and accuracy of the numerical system are confirmed by calculating residual errors. Additionally, the Bejan number has been shown to generate entropy. Both the axial and normal velocities decrease with an increase of the magnetic parameter, while the thermal layout is increased. It is found that Coriolis force creates a secondary flow effect, which enhances the velocity gradients near the wall and results in the enhancement in the skin-friction and the axial skin friction increases by about 7.4972 %. The Nusselt number is reduced by about 19.3735 % when the rotational parameter enhances from 0.1 to 0.4$\text{.}$ By the incrementation of the radiation parameter, the Nusselt number decreased by about 44.7271 %$\text{.}$