A Review of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in Dermatology.

Objective: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a hormone produced in response to meal intake by endocrine intestinal cells. GLP-1 binds to its receptors which are expressed on various cells throughout the body. GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) have become a target for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and weight loss, and GLP-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) use has become more common among patients. In addition to the anti-hyperglycemic effects, recent studies have exhibited anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1RAs. Current research surrounding GLP-1Rs and GLP-1R agonism in dermatology is limited. This review aims to describe the current knowledge of GLP-1Rs and GLP-1RA use in dermatology and suggest future directions.

Methods: A literature search focused on GLP-1RAs and their effect on cutaneous disease processes was performed across various databases. The databases were searched through May 2024.

Results: The use of GLP-1RAs have shown promising anti-inflammatory effects and improvement in wound healing, psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa. Several cutaneous adverse reactions to GLP-1RAs were also identified with injection site pruritus, erythema, and rash being the most commonly reported.

Limitations: Current literature is limited to case reports and small-scale studies.

Conclusion: The literature suggests anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1RAs may provide direct benefit in the treatment of dermatologic conditions independent of glucose control in addition to indirect improvement via modulation of blood glucose and weight loss. Further studies investigating the implications of GLP-1RA use and the possible therapeutic potential of GLP-1RAs in inflammatory skin conditions are warranted.