Effects of Autologous Tenocyte Injection for Overuse and Degenerative Tendinopathies: A Systematic Review.

Background: The term tendinopathy commonly describes a series of alterations in the tendon, leading in functional impairment and pain, treated with several approaches, including exercises, physical agents, and injection therapies. Among the latter, autologous tenocyte injection (ATI) involves harvesting tenocytes from a healthy tendon of the patients and then isolating the tenocytes and culturing for 4-5 weeks. To date, there is still a lack of consensus about the efficacy of ATI in improving pain and function; therefore, the present review aimed to assess the role of ATI in the treatment of chronic tendinopathies. Methods: Two authors conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar (PROSPERO: CRD42024565211). From 174 articles, we finally included 5 articles. Results: The main effect obtained was the pain relief and, consequently, the improvement of patients' quality of life. The clinical improvement is also evident at MRI in which it is possible to see a progressive reduction with a general disappearance of the T2 signal hyperintensity between 4 months and 1 year. All the articles agree on the safety of ATI in chronic tendinopathies. Conclusions: ATI might represent a safe and valuable option in the management of chronic tendinopathies as a second line treatment in the case of resistant tendinopathies, with a minimal risk of side effects.