Nature-Inspired Solutions for Sustainable Mining: Applications of NIAs, Swarm Robotics, and Other Biomimicry-Based Technologies.

Environmental challenges, high safety risks and operational inefficiencies are some of the issues facing the mining sector. The paper offers an integrated viewpoint to address these issues by combining swarm robotics, nature-inspired algorithms (NIAs) and other biomimicry-based technologies into a single framework. It presents a systematic classification of each methodology, emphasizing their key advantages and disadvantages as well as considering real-life mining application scenarios, including hazard detection, autonomous transportation and energy-efficient drilling. Case studies are citied to demonstrate how these methodologies work together, and an extensive comparison table considering their applications at mines, such as Boliden, Diavik Diamond Mine, Olympic Dam and others, presents a summary of their scalability and practicality. This paper highlights future directions such as multi-robot coordination and hybrid NIAs, to improve operational resilience and sustainability. It also provides a broad overview of biomimicry and critically examines unresolved issues like real-time adaptation, parameter tuning and mechanical wear. The paper aims to offer a comprehensive insight into using bio-inspired models to enhance mining efficiency, safety and environmental management, while proposing a road map for resolving the issues that continue to be a hurdle for wide adaptation of these technologies in the mining industry.