Recent Green and Sustainable Pd-Catalyzed Aminations.

Pd-catalyzed aminations, while a powerful and commonly employed method of C-N bond construction, often relies on unsustainable technologies that utilize:  egregious organic solvents, high temperatures, long reaction times, and high catalyst loadings, especially of palladium. Only recently has there been a shift towards far greener protocols based recyclable aqueous media, as well as non-traditional organic solvents. In addition, non-traditional modes for preparing the same amines have appeared, such as continuous plug flow and mechanochemistry, which also offer safe and sustainable means of chemical synthesis associated with targets in the fine chemicals industry.