Factors influencing dietary changes during pregnancy – A mixed method stakeholder perception study from a rural area

Background/objectives

Maternal nutrition is vital for maternal and child health, hence it is important to understand the reasons for dietary changes made and additional support required. The study aims to assess dietary changes in antenatal women, their associations with socio-demographic and clinical factors, and to explore factors influencing these changes as perceived by both pregnant women and healthcare providers {Medical officer, Primary Health Care Officers (PHCO) and Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA)}

Methods

An explanatory mixed method study was conducted from October 2020 to October 2022 involving interview of antenatal women who have completed their second trimester registered in Kurnad PHC area followed by in-depth interview of antenatal women and the health care providers of Kurnad PHC.

Results

The study included 299 participants with a mean age of 27.41 years. About 75.5 % were unemployed and approximately 77 % held below-poverty-line cards. Co-morbidities were present in 36 %, with 87 % having anaemia, 51.85 % gestational diabetes and 42.95 % pregnancy-induced hypertension. Thirty-three percent experienced hyperemesis gravidarum.

Pregnant women increased intake of green leafy vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds while decreasing poultry, meat, dairy, sweets, bakery items, and fats. Reasons included improving health, addressing medical issues, and satisfying cravings.

Chi-square analysis found associations with socio-demographic and clinical factors. Influencing factors included health promotion, advice from family and healthcare providers, managing health issues, cravings, affordability, and community services like Anganwadi.

Conclusion

Behaviour change communication strategies and adequate support for decision making and availing nutritious food will facilitate appropriate dietary changes during pregnancy.