The adaptation level and mechanism of grain production to climate change in China

The overall adaptation level and mechanisms of grain production to climate change are estimated using national rural fixed observation points data. Adaptive behaviors have alleviated 52.5 ​%–63.5 ​% of the adverse impacts of high temperatures, with rice and maize more adaptable than wheat. However, adaptive behavior has not effectively mitigated excessive precipitation impacts. Technological progress, adaptation technology adoption, and input adjustments are key adaptation mechanisms. Future efforts should enhance agricultural technological contributions to comprehensively strengthen the adaptation capacity of grain production to climate change.