The impact of international agreements and government policies on collaborative management of environmental pollution and carbon emissions in the transportation sector

The transportation sector is one of the largest contributors to global carbon emissions and environmental pollution, posing a significant challenge to climate change mitigation efforts. Addressing this issue requires a comprehensive evaluation of how international agreements and national policies influence collaborative approaches to reducing emissions. This study systematically reviews the impact of key international frameworks, such as the Paris Agreement, on shaping national policies and fostering cooperative management strategies in the transportation sector. The review employs a qualitative analysis of policy documents, case studies, and international reports to assess the effectiveness of mechanisms such as carbon pricing, renewable energy incentives, and regulatory frameworks in curbing transportation-related emissions. The findings show that while these agreements foster innovative policies and multi-stakeholder collaborations, implementation challenges remain. Case studies highlight both successful and unsuccessful policy applications, emphasizing the role of regional initiatives and public-private partnerships in scaling sustainable transport solutions. However, barriers such as technological limitations, political and economic constraints, and weak enforcement mechanisms continue to hinder progress. This study underscores the need for enhanced international cooperation, continuous policy innovation, and investments in low-carbon transportation technologies to achieve long-term environmental sustainability. Strengthening global agreements and aligning national policies with international objectives will be crucial for realizing significant and lasting reductions in carbon emissions from the transportation sector.