{"title":"锡瓦斯、泰国、泰国饮用水中有毒元素含量的时空变化及生态毒理学风险评估。","authors":"Menekşe Taş Divrik","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-94950-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was conducted in 2022 to investigate the water variables of fountains used by people for drinking purposes in Şarkışla (Sivas, Türkiye). Five stations were selected from the most frequently used fountains. Sampling was carried out seasonally. Various physicochemical variables such as water temperature (WT), pH, electirical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrite (NO<sub>2</sub>), nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub>), phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub>), sulphate (SO<sub>4</sub>), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) were investigated. Additionally, the Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI), and Human Health Risk Assesment (HHRA) methods were applied to the data. One of the main objectives of this study was to conduct health risk assessments for people using water from drinking fountains and to identify both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals. As a result of this research, NPI values indicated slight contamination, while no contamination was found based on GWQI values. The Mn and Cd were found to slightly exceed the permissible limit values. As, which exceeds the limit value in water, was found to pose a serious carcinogenic risk (CR) for both children and adults. High As values are from quaternary alluvial deposits and aquifer layers of Pliocene terrestrial layers. Considering the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) for the presence of Cd, it was determined that it poses a serious risk to humans and children through both ingestive and dermal exposure. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
这项研究是在2022年进行的，目的是调查Şarkışla （Sivas, t rkiye）中人们用于饮用目的的喷泉的水变量。从最常用的喷泉中选择了五个站点。抽样按季节进行。研究了各种物理化学变量，如水温（WT）、pH、电导率（EC）、溶解氧（DO）、亚硝酸盐（NO2）、硝酸盐（NO3）、磷酸盐（PO4）、硫酸盐（SO4）、镁（Mg）、钙（Ca）、总硬度（TH）、氯化物（Cl）、盐度、总溶解固体（TDS）、砷（as）、镉（Cd）、锌（Zn）、锰（Mn）和铜（Cu）。采用硝酸盐污染指数（NPI）、地下水水质指数（GWQI）和人类健康风险评价（HHRA）方法对数据进行分析。这项研究的主要目标之一是对使用饮水机水的人进行健康风险评估，并确定致癌和非致癌金属。研究结果表明，NPI值表明污染轻微，而GWQI值未发现污染。锰和镉含量略高于允许极限值。研究发现，水中的砷含量超过限量，对儿童和成人都有严重的致癌风险。高As值来自第四纪冲积层和上新世陆相层的含水层。考虑到Cd存在的危害商（HQ）和危害指数（HI），确定它通过摄入和皮肤暴露对人类和儿童构成严重的风险。在研究的最后，提供了一些可持续使用饮水机水的建议。
Spatiotemporal variations in the levels of toxic elements in drinking water of Sivas, Türkiye, and an ecotoxicological risk assessment.
This study was conducted in 2022 to investigate the water variables of fountains used by people for drinking purposes in Şarkışla (Sivas, Türkiye). Five stations were selected from the most frequently used fountains. Sampling was carried out seasonally. Various physicochemical variables such as water temperature (WT), pH, electirical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrite (NO2), nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), sulphate (SO4), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), total hardness (TH), chloride (Cl), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and copper (Cu) were investigated. Additionally, the Nitrate Pollution Index (NPI), Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI), and Human Health Risk Assesment (HHRA) methods were applied to the data. One of the main objectives of this study was to conduct health risk assessments for people using water from drinking fountains and to identify both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic metals. As a result of this research, NPI values indicated slight contamination, while no contamination was found based on GWQI values. The Mn and Cd were found to slightly exceed the permissible limit values. As, which exceeds the limit value in water, was found to pose a serious carcinogenic risk (CR) for both children and adults. High As values are from quaternary alluvial deposits and aquifer layers of Pliocene terrestrial layers. Considering the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) for the presence of Cd, it was determined that it poses a serious risk to humans and children through both ingestive and dermal exposure. At the end of the study, several recommendations for the sustainable use of drinking fountains water were provided.
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