摘要
问题 植物性状的空间模式很少在 10 厘米以下的距离进行研究。是否有可能在非常精细的尺度上发现山地次生草地的非随机功能模式？从性状相似性、大小和密度相关性方面进行分析，可以突出不同生物和非生物过程在这些尺度上的重要性。我们预计，如果所有个体都能通过所测量的性状进行识别，那么物种特征就会变得次要，无论考虑与否，都会产生一致的模式，尤其是当 ITV（种内性状变异性）和功能重叠度较高时。 地点 "Montagna di Torricchio "自然保护区，意大利亚平宁半岛中部马尔凯大区的一个严格保护区。 方法 在 10 个方格中测量每个个体（1094 个柱头）的植株高度、叶面积和比叶面积。通过重叠测量和方差分区评估了功能冗余和 ITV。通过同时考虑所有个体或排除同种配对个体，使用标记点模式统计来检验性状模式的非随机性。 结果 在 8 厘米以下的距离上，我们发现了性状趋同的证据、小于预期的配对和负的密度相关性。在 8 厘米以上的距离，我们发现了性状分化和比预期大的配对。我们认为这是生物和非生物原因造成的，分别与物理包装或土壤深度的相似性有关。不同性状和不同草地的结果各不相同。无论是否排除同种配对，结果都是一致的。物种间的功能重叠率很高，而 ITV 对变异性的贡献很大。 结论 我们在 10 厘米以下的草地中发现了非随机的功能模式，这在任何植被中都是一个几乎未经探索的尺度范围。所使用的方法表明，在这一尺度范围内，分类学特征不如个体的功能环境重要。
Questions
Spatial patterns of plant traits have rarely been studied at distances below 10 cm. Is it possible to detect nonrandom functional patterns at a very fine scale in mountain secondary grasslands? An analysis in terms of trait similarity, magnitude and density correlation can highlight the importance of different biotic and abiotic processes at these scales. We expect species identity to be of secondary importance if all individuals are identified by their measured traits, resulting in consistent patterns whether it is considered or not, especially if ITV (intraspecific trait variability) and functional overlap are high.
Location
Natural reserve “Montagna di Torricchio,” a strict reserve in the Marche region, central Apennines, Italy.
Methods
Plant height, leaf area, and specific leaf area have been measured for each individual (1094 ramets) in 10 quadrats, divided into two grasslands differing in canopy cover. Functional redundancy and ITV were evaluated with overlap measures and variance partitioning. Marked point pattern statistics have been used to test for non-randomness of trait patterns either by considering all individuals at once or by excluding conspecific pairs.
Results
At distances below 8 cm, we found evidence of trait convergence, pairs smaller than expected and negative density correlation. Above 8 cm, we found trait divergence and larger than expected pairs. We suggest biotic and abiotic causes for this, linked to physical packing or similarity in soil depth, respectively. The results differed between traits and between grasslands. The results were consistent whether conspecific pairs were excluded or not. There is a high functional overlap among species, and ITV has a large contribution to variability.
Conclusions
We found nonrandom functional patterns in grasslands below 10 cm, an almost unexplored scale range in any vegetation. The approach used showed that taxonomic identity is less important than the functional setting of individuals at this scale.
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