Uterine rupture in labor after prior ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of uterine fibroids: A case report

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for the treatment of uterine fibroids has gained widespread clinical application due to its efficacy. However, reports on fertility outcomes and pregnancy complications following this treatment remain scarce. This report presents the case of a 31-year-old woman who underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for uterine fibroids. Regular postoperative follow-up revealed a significant reduction in the size of the uterine fibroids. Six months later, the patient successfully achieved natural conception, and her pregnancy progressed without any abnormalities. Given her strong preference for vaginal delivery, she was admitted to hospital at 40 weeks of gestation for monitoring when she began to exhibit signs of labor. However, uterine rupture occurred without any apparent warning during the labor. Following emergency surgical intervention, the neonate and the patient had a favorable outcome. This case underscores the efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation for uterine fibroids but also emphasizes the need for postoperative follow-up to promptly identify any complications during the third trimester of pregnancy.