A review of research progress on the resource utilization of copper tailing

Copper mineral resources are vital for human survival and industrial development, yet the escalating demands driven by industrialization have led to a significant accumulation of copper tailings. These tailings pose serious challenges to environmental management and safety, threatening ecosystems and surrounding communities. Addressing this issue, the large-scale and sustainable utilization of copper tailings has emerged as a crucial strategy to conserve resources and protect the environment in mining regions. This paper offers a comprehensive review of advancements in copper tailings resource utilization, highlighting the latest technologies and research progress in this field. It explores the structural, compositional, and physical properties of copper tailings, providing in-depth insights into beneficiation processes and the roles of chemical agents. The mechanisms of acid leaching, alkaline leaching, and bioleaching reactions are thoroughly analyzed, showcasing their potential in sustainable resource recovery. In addition, the review critically examines the challenges and limitations associated with copper tailings management, such as technical, environmental, and economic barriers. To address these issues, it proposes forward-looking strategies and offers insightful perspectives. Future research should prioritize the development of cost-effective, energy-efficient resource recovery technologies, while exploring advanced material design and circular economy frameworks to achieve sustainable and large-scale utilization of copper tailings. The findings presented here aspire to pave the way for novel approaches that will enhance resource efficiency and environmental sustainability.