在欧洲默兹-莱茵地区进行的一项纵向跨境研究表明，核衣壳定向抗体检测不适合评估对SARS-CoV-2的混合免疫

IF 4 3区医学 Q2 VIROLOGY

Journal of Clinical Virology Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI:10.1016/j.jcv.2025.105780

D.A.T. Hanssen , C.J.A. van Bilsen , C.D.J. den Heijer , C. Stabourlos , C.P.B. Moonen , R. de Vries , S. Brinkhues , D. Philipssen , B.A.M. van der Zanden , N.H.T.M. Dukers-Muijrers , C.J.P.A. Hoebe , P.H.M. Savelkoul , I.H.M. van Loo

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引用次数: 0

摘要

了解以前自然感染SARS-CoV-2的免疫对加强疫苗接种策略很重要。2021年在毗邻荷兰、比利时和德国的欧洲默兹-莱茵河地区进行的一项纵向研究旨在评估尖刺导向（抗s）和核衣壳导向（抗n）抗体的血清阳性率，以证明疫苗接种和自然感染（混合免疫）的免疫效果，并评估抗n反应的动态。材料与方法在2021年6 - 7月22-29周（第1轮）和10 - 11月40-45周（第2轮）两个时间点采集3110名参与者的问卷和自指刺血样本。抗s抗体的个体另外检测抗n抗体。结果共检出抗s阳性4366份；第1轮N = 1291，第2轮N = 3075。其中，10.1%的荷兰人（32/316）、3.1%的比利时人（9/294）和2.8%的德国人（13/466）在第一轮中呈抗- n阳性(p <；0.001)。在第二轮中，分别为4.6%（69/1510）、3.3%（20/607）和1.5% (14/912)(p <；0.001)。在第一轮中，45.1%（23/51）的抗n阳性参与者在第二轮中结果逆转为阴性。在42.1%（16/38）自我报告PCR阳性的抗n阳性参与者中，抗n在第2轮逆转为阴性。结论EMR国家抗n血清阳性率的差异可能反映了疫苗接种活动登记的差异。超过40%的参与者在6个月内经历了抗n血清逆转，这表明抗n检测不适合诊断过去的感染或估计人群中的混合免疫。然而，抗n检测可作为SARS-CoV-2在人群中传播增加的指标。

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Nucleocapsid-directed antibody testing is unsuitable to estimate hybrid immunity against SARS-CoV-2, a longitudinal cross-border study in the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion

Introduction

Understanding immunity from previous natural SARS-CoV-2 infection is important for booster vaccination strategies. A longitudinal study conducted in 2021 within the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion, bordering the Netherlands, Belgium, and Germany, aimed to assess seroprevalence of spike-directed (anti-S) and nucleocapsid-directed (anti-N) antibodies to demonstrate immunity as a result of both vaccination and natural infection (hybrid immunity), and to evaluate the dynamics of the anti-N response.

Materials and methods

Questionnaires and self-finger-prick blood samples from 3110 participants were collected at two time points: weeks 22–29 (June–July, round 1) and weeks 40–45 (October–November, round 2) of 2021. Individuals with anti-S antibodies were additionally tested for anti-N antibodies.

Results

In total, 4366 samples tested positive for anti-S; n = 1291 for round 1 and n = 3075 for round 2. Of these, 10.1 % of Dutch (32/316), 3.1 % of Belgian (9/294), and 2.8 % of German participants (13/466) were anti-N positive in round 1 (p < 0.001). In round 2, this was 4.6 % (69/1510), 3.3 % (20/607), and 1.5 % (14/912), respectively (p < 0.001). In 45.1 % (23/51) of anti-N positive participants in round 1, the result reversed to negative in round 2. In 42.1 % (16/38) of anti-N positive participants with a self-reported positive PCR result, anti-N reversed to negative in round 2.

Conclusion

Variations in anti-N seroprevalence across EMR countries may reflect differences in vaccination campaign enrollment. Over 40 % of participants experienced seroreversion of anti-N within six months, indicating anti-N testing is unsuitable for diagnosing past infection or estimating hybrid immunity within a population. However, anti-N testing may be used as a proxy for increased circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in a population.

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来源期刊

Journal of Clinical Virology 医学-病毒学

CiteScore

22.70

自引率

1.10%

发文量

149

审稿时长

24 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Clinical Virology, an esteemed international publication, serves as the official journal for both the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology and The European Society for Clinical Virology. Dedicated to advancing the understanding of human virology in clinical settings, the Journal of Clinical Virology focuses on disseminating research papers and reviews pertaining to the clinical aspects of virology. Its scope encompasses articles discussing diagnostic methodologies and virus-induced clinical conditions, with an emphasis on practicality and relevance to clinical practice. The journal publishes on topics that include: • new diagnostic technologies • nucleic acid amplification and serologic testing • targeted and metagenomic next-generation sequencing • emerging pandemic viral threats • respiratory viruses • transplant viruses • chronic viral infections • cancer-associated viruses • gastrointestinal viruses • central nervous system viruses • one health (excludes animal health)