Recent progress in carbon nanotubes production via catalytic chemical vapour deposition

The production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) continues to be a key technique in nanotechnology, driven by ongoing advancements in catalyst design, carbon source optimization, and substrate materials. This review presents recent progress and novel findings in these areas, providing a comprehensive outlook on future directions. In catalysis, special attention is given to the development of single-atom and bimetallic catalysts, which offer improved control over CNT growth, greater efficiency, and enhanced sustainability due to their recyclability. Studies on catalyst preparation and activation mechanisms highlight how atomic dispersion and thermal stability significantly affect CNT morphology and yield. Additionally, new insights into catalyst sintering and deactivation mechanisms at elevated temperatures suggest strategies for extending catalyst lifespan and ensuring consistent performance. Optimizing synthesis conditions, including temperature regulation, carrier gas selection, and reaction time, has further refined control over CNT growth kinetics and structural properties. The ability to prevent catalyst deactivation and sintering at high temperatures remains a crucial factor in improving CNT yield and quality. This review also explores the impact of carbon source selection, emphasizing how the choice of precursors can modify CNT properties, alongside innovations in substrate materials that enable higher yields and improved uniformity of CNTs.