Sustainable Approach of Real Municipal Wastewater Treatment Using Lactobacillus plantarum Strain, Aluminum Chloride and Moringa oleifera Seed

Eliminating total colour (TC) from municipal wastewater is vital to ensure public health and environmental protection. This study examines the effectiveness of using aluminum chloride coagulant (ACC), Moringa oleifera seed (MOS), and Lactobacillus plantarum strain (LPS) in the removal of TC from municipal wastewater (MW). The central composite design (CCD) is utilized to evaluate the efficiency of every procedure and clarify the interdependent aspects involved in the removal of TC. An R² value above 95% indicates that the created CCD model is highly reliable. The LPS, ACC, and MOS processes have operational costs of 6.4, 9.5, and 1.3 $/m³, correspondingly. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry verifies the efficiency of every process in TC elimination. Additionally, 95% of organic matter is found in the sediment of MOS, making it an excellent organic fertilizer. Acute toxicity tests on Daphnia magna demonstrate significant activity, confirming that the proposed methods effectively contribute to sustainable development by lowering toxicity levels of influent. Optimum operating conditions of MOS were found to be a pH of 7, dose of 2.5 g/L and time of 25 min. Also, the work not only advances our understanding of effective TC removal strategies but also emphasizes the broader environmental and ecological benefits of the investigated processes.