空气污染和周围绿色与学童内化和外化行为之间的关系。

IF 6.8 3区医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS

Child and Adolescent Mental Health Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI:10.1111/camh.12772

Uxue Zubizarreta-Arruti, Rosa Bosch, María Soler Artigas, Judit Cabana-Domínguez, Natalia Llonga, Pau Carabí-Gassol, Valeria Macias-Chimborazo, Laura Vilar-Ribó, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Mireia Pagerols, Raquel Prat, Cristina Rivas, Èlia Pagespetit, Júlia Puigbó, Gemma Español-Martín, Bruno Raimbault, Antonia Valentín, Jordi Sunyer, Maria Foraster, Mireia Gascón, Miquel Casas, Marta Ribasés, Silvia Alemany

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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景：在儿童精神病理学中，空气污染和绿化分别成为可改变的危险因素和保护因素。然而，研究显示出不一致。在这里，我们通过内部化和外部化行为研究了空气污染与周围绿色之间的关系。此外，还探讨了这些性状的遗传易感性与社会经济地位（SES）的潜在调节作用。方法：这项以人群为基础的研究包括4485名来自西班牙的5-18岁学童。使用儿童行为检查表（CBCL）评估内化和外化行为。在结果评估前的12个月，对学校暴露的平均空气污染（NO2、PM2.5、PM10、pm粗和PM2.5吸光度）和周围绿化（100米、300米和500米缓冲带内的NDVI）进行了估计。采用多基因风险评分（PRS）评估遗传倾向性，采用Hollingshead四因子指数计算遗传倾向性。使用负二项混合效应模型分析相关性。结果：虽然多重测试没有相关性，但我们发现PM10浓度增加5.48 μg/m3和pm粗浓度增加2.93 μg/m3与6%(平均比(MR) = 1.06；95% CI: 1.01-1.12)和4% (MR = 1.04；95% CI: 1.00-1.09)内化行为得分增加。在100米缓冲区内，NDVI每增加0.1，外化行为就会减少6% (MR = 0.94；95% ci: 0.89-0.99)。没有观察到性别或年龄的差异，也没有观察到PRS或SES的调节作用。结论：我们发现了空气污染对内化行为的不利影响和绿色对外化行为的保护作用的初步证据，这些影响不受性别、年龄、社会经济地位或遗传倾向的影响。如果得到证实，这些结果加强了改善空气质量的必要性，特别是学校周围的空气质量，作为关注儿童精神病理学的预防策略的一部分。

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Associations between air pollution and surrounding greenness with internalizing and externalizing behaviors among schoolchildren

Background

Air pollution and greenness are emerging as modifiable risk and protective factors, respectively, in child psychopathology. However, research shows inconsistencies. Here, we examined associations between air pollution and surrounding greenness with internalizing and externalizing behaviors. In addition, the potential modifying role of the genetic susceptibility for these traits and socioeconomic status (SES) was explored.

Methods

This population-based study included 4485 schoolchildren aged 5–18 years from Spain. Internalizing and externalizing behaviors were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Average air pollution (NO₂, PM_2.5, PM₁₀, PM_coarse, and PM_2.5 absorbance) and surrounding greenness (NDVI within 100-m, 300-m, and 500-m buffers) school exposure were estimated for 12 months before outcome assessment. Genetic liability was assessed by computing polygenic risk scores (PRS) and SES was calculated using the Hollingshead Four-Factor Index. Associations were analyzed using negative binomial mixed-effects models.

Results

Although no associations survived multiple testing, we found that increases of 5.48 μg/m³ in PM₁₀ and 2.93 μg/m³ in PM_coarse were associated with a 6% (Mean Ratio (MR) = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01–1.12) and a 4% (MR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00–1.09) increase in internalizing behavior scores. A 0.1 increase in NDVI within a 100-m buffer was associated with a 6% decrease in externalizing behavior (MR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.89–0.99). Neither differences by sex or age, or moderation effects by PRS or SES, were observed.

Conclusions

We found preliminary evidence of detrimental effects of air pollution on internalizing behavior and protective effects of greenness on externalizing behavior, which were not modified by sex, age, SES, or genetic liability. If confirmed, these results reinforce the need for improving air quality, especially around schools, as part of preventive strategies focused on childhood psychopathology.

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来源期刊

Child and Adolescent Mental Health PEDIATRICS-PSYCHIATRY

CiteScore

8.30

自引率

3.30%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH) publishes high quality, peer-reviewed child and adolescent mental health services research of relevance to academics, clinicians and commissioners internationally. The journal''s principal aim is to foster evidence-based clinical practice and clinically orientated research among clinicians and health services researchers working with children and adolescents, parents and their families in relation to or with a particular interest in mental health. CAMH publishes reviews, original articles, and pilot reports of innovative approaches, interventions, clinical methods and service developments. The journal has regular sections on Measurement Issues, Innovations in Practice, Global Child Mental Health and Humanities. All published papers should be of direct relevance to mental health practitioners and clearly draw out clinical implications for the field.