[盐碱地施用有机物对作物生长和土壤盐碱指数的影响]。

Q2 Environmental Science
Xiao-Juan Yang, Hao He, Li-Yang Cheng, Xiang-Jie Chang, Shuai Li, Meng-Meng Yu, Bin-Quan Wang, Jun-Hua Li
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引用次数: 0

摘要

以新疆盐渍化土壤为研究对象,以棉花、油菜和油葵为试验作物,为有机物质在盐渍化土壤中的科学应用和土壤质量的改善提供理论依据,探索有机物质-盐渍化土壤-植物系统的响应表型。室内培养试验设对照组、微生物剂、腐植酸、有机肥、生物炭、秸秆6个处理。分析了中等盐渍化土壤条件下不同有机质对棉花、油葵和油菜作物生长及土壤盐碱指标的影响,筛选出具有一定改良效果的组合。这为有机材料在新疆的应用推广提供了一定的实验依据。结果表明,与对照处理相比,施用微生物接种剂、有机肥和生物炭对作物生长有显著影响。出苗期60 d,施用微生物菌剂、有机肥和生物炭后,棉花干重分别提高了41%、43%和25%。油葵干重分别提高5%、13%和27%。油菜干重分别增加113%、104%和83%。施用有机肥和生物炭后,棉花和油菜出苗率分别提高了14.3%和10.2%,分别提高了26.50%和20.82%。以出苗后60 d的土壤盐碱指数分析结果为例,施用微生物剂和秸秆对土壤中水溶性盐总量影响不显著,施用腐植酸、有机肥和生物炭增加了土壤中水溶性盐总量。施用微生物剂和秸秆能降低土壤pH值,施用腐植酸和生物炭能提高土壤pH值。土壤电导率均以腐植酸处理提高最为显著。微生物剂和秸秆处理对土壤碱度的影响最大,其余处理差异不显著。秸秆可降低土壤钠吸附比,腐植酸和有机肥可提高土壤钠吸附比。综上所述,建议在盐渍土上施用微生物剂、有机肥和生物炭,以促进作物生长;在盐渍土上施用微生物剂和秸秆,以改善土壤质量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
[Effects of Organic Materials Applied to Saline Soil on Crop Growth and Soil Saline-alkali Index].

To provide a theoretical basis for the scientific application of organic materials in salinized soil and the improvement of soil quality and to explore the response phenotype of an organic material-salinized soil-plant system, the salinized soil in Xinjiang was considered as the research object, and cotton, rape, and oil sunflower were considered as the test crops. Six treatments, including the control group, microbial agent, humic acid, organic fertilizer, biochar, and straw, were set up for indoor culture experiments. The effects of different organic materials on the growth of cotton, oil sunflower, and rape crops and soil saline-alkali indexes under moderate salinization soil conditions were analyzed, and the combinations with certain improvement effects were screened out. This provided a certain experimental basis for the application and promotion of organic materials in Xinjiang. The results showed that, compared with that under the control treatment, the application of the microbial inoculant, organic fertilizer, and biochar had a significant effect on crop growth. At 60 d of emergence, the dry weight of cotton after the application of the microbial inoculant, organic fertilizer, and biochar increased by 41%, 43%, and 25%, respectively. The dry weight of oil sunflower increased by 5%, 13%, and 27%, respectively. The dry weight of rape increased by 113%, 104%, and 83%, respectively. After the application of organic fertilizer and biochar, the emergence rate of cotton and rape increased by 14.3% and 10.2%, respectively, and 26.50% and 20.82%, respectively. Taking the results of the soil salt-alkali index analysis at 60 d after seedling emergence as an example, the application of the microbial agent and straw had no significant effect on the total amount of water-soluble salt in the soil, whereas the application of humic acid, organic fertilizer, and biochar increased the total amount of water-soluble salt in the soil. The application of the microbial agent and straw could reduce soil pH, and the application of humic acid and biochar could increase soil pH. Soil electrical conductivity of all organic materials increased and humic acid treatment increased the most significantly. The effect of the microbial agent and straw treatment on soil alkalinity was the best, whereas the other treatments showed no significant difference. Straw could reduce soil sodium adsorption ratio, and humic acid and organic fertilizer could increase the soil sodium adsorption ratio. In summary, it is recommended to apply microbial agents, organic fertilizers, and biochar to saline soil for the purpose of promoting crop growth, and to apply a microbial agent and straw to saline soil for the purpose of improving soil quality.

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环境科学
环境科学 Environmental Science-Environmental Science (all)
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4.40
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