Recent advances in medically oriented research on lactic acid detection

Lactic acid holds significant application potential across multiple domains, encompassing medicine, food science, and biotechnology, among others. Consequently, the accurate detection of lactic acid has emerged as a primary research focus. Presently, numerous lactic acid detection techniques exist, leveraging chromatography, colorimetry, and electrochemical principles to measure lactic acid concentrations both externally and internally within the human body. Furthermore, the exploration of wearable biosensors capable of directly monitoring lactic acid levels in bodily fluids is gaining momentum. Hence, this paper aims to comprehensively review the chemical structures, physiological roles, and detection techniques of lactic acid biosensors, while also exploring their future research prospects.