Impact of Blockchain Technology on Social Aspects of Blood Supply Chain: A Simulation–Optimization Approach

Previous studies related to the blood supply chain under blockchain technology have concentrated solely on the managerial role of blockchain technology in this chain, and no systematic examination has been conducted using quantitative modeling methods. In this article, we focus on developing a blood supply chain based on blockchain technology using a simulation–optimization approach that integrates optimization techniques into simulation modeling and analysis for the first time. In the system dynamics approach, by examining factors, such as service quality, and social aspects that impact donors’ behavior, the main decisions, including the total amount of platelets that are distributed to all hospitals and the number of donors, are simulated under blockchain technology. Various policies are explored to evaluate their effect on the blood supply and demand. Then, this study introduces a biobjective mathematical model utilizing data envelopment analysis (DEA) to optimize the fair distribution of platelets to hospitals based on their efficiency. The outputs of the dynamics model (total platelets distributed to hospitals) and the DEA model (efficiency of selected hospitals) are entered into the biobjective model as parameters. The integration of blockchain technology allows managers to improve traceability at every stage, and the system with blockchain technology increases donor participation by 6%, 3%, and 12%.