A new marker for predicting sentinel lymph node metastasis in early (cT1-2N0) breast cancer: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs).

Background: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are associated with lymph node metastasis and prognosis in breast cancer. Therefore, we explored the value of TILs in predicting sentinel lymph node metastasis (SLNM) in patients with early-stage (cT1-2N0) breast cancer and provided a new method for preoperative assessment of SLNM status.

Methods: This study included 337 patients with early-stage breast cancer who underwent surgery at our hospital from January 2022 to December 2023. The expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 in the patients was assessed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). TILs in the core needle biopsy samples were evaluated histopathologically, and patients were divided into high and low TILs groups based on the density of TILs. Statistical analysis was conducted, and a predictive model was established.

Results: The study found that patients with high TILs had a significantly lower rate of SLNM compared to those with low TILs (P < 0.001). The cT stage and the level of TILs were identified as independent predictive factors for SLNM. The ROC curve analysis indicated that the density of TILs has good predictive efficacy for SLNM. Based on the results of the multivariate regression analysis, a nomogram predictive model for SLNM was constructed.

Conclusions: Our study showed that the density of TILs and cT stage are independent predictive factors for SLNM in early-stage (cT1-2N0) breast cancer, and the predictive effect of TILs density on SLNM is significant in Luminal and triple-negative breast cancers.