老年人的包容性实践:老年人的环境和家庭改造。

IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q1 REHABILITATION
Selena E Washington, Emma Edwards, Abby Fink, Lucy Radocha
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引用次数: 0

摘要

重要性:随着老龄化人口的扩大,需要制定家庭改造计划,有效地支持生活在低收入家庭的老年人正在增加。目的:研究一个跨专业团队如何在特定的城市地点实施老年人家庭改造计划(OAHMP),并整合功能干预和家庭改造,以解决低收入家庭老年人的安全、可达性和功能需求。设计:本项目评估研究采用描述性分析来评估社会人口统计学特征、实施前后的数据和家庭改造。环境:城市环境。参与者:65名参与者完成了该项目。平均年龄72岁(SD = 7.3);参与者主要是女性(95.4%)、黑人或非裔美国人(87.7%)和独居者(81.5%)。干预:由一名职业治疗师、一个家庭改造小组和一名社会工作者进行三次家访。结果和措施:采用配对样本t检验来比较实施前和实施后的功能评分,并使用Pearson's r相关分析来评估功能措施之间的关系。结果:OAHMP的实施导致日常生活自理活动(ADLs)和家庭安全的显著改善;健康状况与ADLs和工具性ADLs独立性改善之间存在显著正相关。结论和相关性:OAHMP提高了低收入、不同社区老年人的ADL独立性和家庭安全。通过以客户为中心的修改和跨专业合作来解决环境障碍,该计划支持适当的老化。其具有成本效益的方法促进了自主、职业参与和健康公平,突出了职业治疗在安全、可持续的社区生活中的关键作用。摘要:本研究评估了老年人家庭改造计划(OAHMP),该计划旨在通过解决家庭安全、可及性和ADLs问题,帮助低收入社区的老年人安全养老。研究结果显示,参与者在ADLs中经历了更高的独立性,减少了家庭安全隐患,91%的个人目标达到或部分达到。家庭改造的平均成本明显低于全国平均水平,使该计划成为疗养院安置的成本效益替代方案。研究结果强调了量身定制的家居改造,结合跨专业合作,可以促进ADL在家中的独立性和安全性。本研究强调了职业治疗在发展公平的、以客户为中心的干预措施以解决环境障碍方面的重要作用,为职业治疗的研究、实践和教育提供了有价值的见解。立场声明:作者是一名黑人女性治疗师,一名白人女性治疗师和两名白人女性职业治疗学生。我们承认,我们的经济、教育和文化背景可能会影响我们在分析中的观点和潜在偏见。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Inclusive Practices for Aging in Place: Environmental and Home Modifications for Older Adults.

Importance: As the aging population expands, the need to develop home modification programs that effectively support older adults living in low-income households is increasing.

Objective: To examine how an interprofessional team implemented the Older Adult Home Modification Program (OAHMP) at a specific urban site and integrated functional interventions and home modifications to address the safety, accessibility, and functional needs of older adults in low-income households.

Design: This program evaluation study used descriptive analysis to evaluate sociodemographic characteristics, pre- and postimplementation data, and home modifications.

Setting: An urban city environment.

Participants: Sixty-five participants completed the program. The average age was 72 yr (SD = 7.3); participants were predominantly women (95.4%), Black or African American (87.7%), and living alone (81.5%).

Intervention: Three in-home visits by an occupational therapist, a home modification team, and a social worker.

Outcomes and measures: A paired-samples t test was conducted to compare pre- and postimplementation functional scores on the assessments used, and Pearson's r correlation analysis was used to assess relationships between functional measures.

Results: The OAHMP implementation led to significant improvements in self-care activities of daily living (ADLs) and home safety; significant positive relationships were found between health status and improved independence in ADLs and instrumental ADLs.

Conclusions and relevance: The OAHMP enhances ADL independence and home safety for older adults in low-income, diverse communities. By addressing environmental barriers through client-centered modifications and interprofessional collaboration, the program supports aging in place. Its cost-effective approach fosters autonomy, occupational engagement, and health equity, highlighting occupational therapy's key role in safe, sustainable community living. Plain-Language Summary: This study evaluated the Older Adult Home Modification Program (OAHMP), which aims to help older adults in low-income communities age safely in place by addressing home safety, accessibility, and ADLs. Findings showed that participants experienced increased independence in ADLs and reduced home safety hazards, with 91% of personal goals met or partially met. The average cost of home modifications was significantly lower than national averages, making the program a cost-effective alternative to nursing home placement. The results highlight how tailored home modifications, combined with interprofessional collaboration, can promote ADL independence and safety in the home. This study emphasizes the essential role of occupational therapy in developing equitable, client-centered interventions that address environmental barriers, contributing valuable insights to occupational therapy research, practice, and education. Positionality Statement: The authors are one Black female therapist, one White female therapist, and two White female occupational therapy students. We acknowledge that our economic, educational, and cultural backgrounds may influence our perspectives and potential biases in this analysis.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.10
自引率
10.30%
发文量
406
期刊介绍: The American Journal of Occupational Therapy (AJOT) is an official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc. and is published 6 times per year. This peer reviewed journal focuses on research, practice, and health care issues in the field of occupational therapy. AOTA members receive 6 issues of AJOT per year and have online access to archived abstracts and full-text articles. Nonmembers may view abstracts online but must purchase full-text articles.
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