Prevalence and correlates of depression among Thai university students: nationwide study.

Background: Depression is a growing mental health concern among university students worldwide, including in Thailand. Studies show that between 17 and 40% of Thai university students experience depressive symptoms, although these studies often focus on specific groups and use different measures.

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of depressive disorders among university students across Thailand.

Method: Data were collected with the HAPPINOMETER and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale as part of a nationwide cross-sectional survey. A total of 14 621 students from 33 universities participated in the survey. A series of binary logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the effect of sociodemographic characteristics and health behaviours on the presence of depression.

Results: The results revealed that 31.4% of students experienced depressive symptoms, with 14.2% having major depressive disorder. The students who identified as non-binary had the highest odds of having depression (adjusted odds ratio 2.10, 95% CI 1.7-2.6, P < 0.001). Other specific subgroups were also found to be particularly vulnerable, including women, fourth-year students and those studying in Bangkok, without part-time jobs, living alone and engaging in risky health behaviours like smoking, heavy drinking and poor diet.

Conclusions: The findings underscore the need for comprehensive mental health support and targeted interventions within Thai universities, especially for at-risk subpopulations. Leveraging the existing collaborative networks among Thai universities presents a unique opportunity to mount a coordinated effort in developing and implementing comprehensive mental health strategies tailored to the needs of this vulnerable population.