Gender Perspectives in Environmental Initiatives across Developing Countries.

In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the essential role women play in shaping environmental initiatives. Therefore, this study investigates the nexus between female participation and environmental stewardship, shedding light on the unique perspectives, contributions, and challenges that women bring to the forefront of sustainable efforts. To support our narrative, we use empirical data collected from the 2023 World Bank Enterprise Survey conducted in seven (7) developing countries. We quantify environmental initiatives using four (4) proxies, i.e., energy consumption, CO₂ monitoring, CO₂ control, and ISO 14000 certification. Moreover, we measure female corporate representation using proxies for ownership and top managerial positions. We use regression estimation techniques with country-fixed effect models and robust standard errors. The findings from the cross-sectional dataset suggest that female representation in both ownership and top managerial positions minimizes corporate environmental initiatives. These results verify that women are underrepresented in the corporate sector and face financial challenges, lesser institutional support, and discrimination in developing economies. These hurdles further reduce their active engagement in environmental efforts. A reduction in gender inequality, better job and business opportunities, and financial support could all help to support environmental initiatives in developing countries.