Optimizing Extracellular Vesicle Delivery Using a Core-Sheath 3D-Bioprinted Scaffold for Chronic Wound Management.

This study outlines a detailed protocol for the fabrication of core-sheath 3D-bioprinted scaffolds designed to enhance chronic wound healing. The protocol involves isolating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), known for their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. These EVs are then incorporated into a unique scaffold structure. The scaffold features a core composed of alginate loaded with EVs, surrounded by a sheath made of carboxymethyl cellulose and alginate lyase. This innovative design ensures controlled scaffold degradation while promoting efficient and controlled release of EVs at the wound site. The protocol covers key steps, including the preparation and characterization of the EVs, the formulation of bio-inks for 3D bioprinting, and the optimization of printing parameters to achieve the desired core-sheath architecture. By combining structural integrity and bioactivity, the scaffold aims to address the limitations of conventional wound dressings, offering a targeted approach to accelerate tissue regeneration and reduce inflammation in chronic wounds. This method provides a reproducible and scalable strategy for developing advanced biomaterials with potential clinical applications in chronic wound management. The protocol also highlights critical considerations for achieving consistent results, ensuring adaptability for future therapeutic applications.