成人肺部感染:肺脓肿和胸腔积液。

Q3 Medicine
FP essentials Pub Date : 2025-03-01
Julio A Ramirez, Thomas M File
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引用次数: 0

摘要

肺脓肿是由于微生物感染而在肺内形成的具有明确壁的腔。这最常见于与吸入性肺炎相关的多微生物好氧和厌氧感染。肺脓肿也可能与需氧菌(如金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌)、脓毒性栓塞或支气管阻塞(如肿瘤)引起的坏死性肺炎有关。大多数患者对适当的抗菌药物治疗有反应。然而,如果初始治疗无效或患者有并发症,如延伸到胸膜间隙(脓胸),则可能需要导管或手术引流。胸腔积液是多种潜在病理的表现,具有广泛的鉴别诊断。明确胸腔积液的病因是正确处理的关键。对于所有与肺炎相关的胸腔积液,应考虑进行胸腔穿刺。肺旁积液和脓肿应及时开始使用抗生素和引流感染的胸膜液。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Pulmonary Infections in Adults: Lung Abscess and Pleural Effusion.

A lung abscess is a cavity with a well-defined wall that develops in the lung due to microbial infection. This most commonly occurs with polymicrobial aerobic and anerobic infections related to aspiration pneumonia. Lung abscess may also be related to necrotizing pneumonia from aerobic organisms (eg, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), septic emboli, or bronchial obstruction (eg, tumor). Most patients respond to appropriate antimicrobial therapy. However, catheter or surgical drainage may be needed if initial therapy is ineffective or the patient has complications such as extension into the pleural space (empyema). Pleural effusion is a manifestation of various underlying pathologies with a broad differential diagnosis. Defining the etiology of pleural effusion is critical for appropriate management. Thoracentesis should be considered for all pleural effusions associated with pneumonia. Parapneumonic effusions and empyema should be treated with prompt initiation of antibiotics and drainage of infected pleural fluid.

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FP essentials
FP essentials Medicine-Medicine (all)
CiteScore
1.00
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0.00%
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58
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