Analysis of unsteady ternary hybrid nanofluid flow with magnetic dipole over an oscillatory stretching surface using the Bivariate simple iteration method on overlapping grids

This study explores the unsteady flow of a ternary hybrid nanofluid influenced by a magnetic dipole over an oscillatory stretching surface using the Bivariate Simple Iteration Method (BSIM) on overlapping grids. The unique combination of $Si{O}_2$, $Mo{S}_2$, and Cu nanoparticles in engine oil and water enhances heat transfer, relevant to cooling technologies and biomedical applications. The governing equations are transformed into dimensionless form and solved numerically. Results reveal that increasing the magnetic dipole strength reduces velocity near the surface due to Lorentz forces, while higher nanoparticle fractions improve thermal conductivity, increasing the Nusselt number. Water-based nanofluids generally show superior heat transfer, whereas engine oil offers thermal stability. These findings provide insights into the relationship between external magnetic forces and thermal enhancement techniques and recommendations for maximizing ternary hybrid nanofluids in advanced thermal systems.