铀矿开采后堆积地的复垦和未复垦结合，有利于植物和动物的生物多样性

IF 3.9 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107613

Alena Peterková , Ondřej Mudrák , Michal Holec , Karel Tajovský , Marie Hovorková , Saliha Irshad , Jan Frouz

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引用次数: 0

摘要

采矿对环境有重大影响，但采矿后的地点，特别是那些留给自然演替的地点，往往支持着许多稀有物种。在Příbram（捷克共和国）附近铀矿开采后的复垦堆和未复垦堆以及周围景观（对照场地），采用实地调查和陷阱诱捕法研究了植物和土壤动物群落。所有大型无脊椎动物均按目分类，其中盘尾目、双足目、足足目、蜘蛛目、甲壳目和蚁目按种划分。未开垦的堆上覆盖着石头、稀疏的灌木和草本植被，而开垦的堆上覆盖着0.5 m的表土，种植着混交林。对照区由林地和农田组成。在这一水平上，未开垦堆的植物层物种数量和植被覆盖度均低于开垦堆。未填海地平均乔木层盖度较低，但平均乔木种数较高。共捕获24,101只，其中15,507只被鉴定为209个物种。红名单物种数量最多的是复垦地（Kusumoarto等，2020(21)），其次是未复垦地（Heneberg and Řezáč， 2018(14)）和对照地（Chase and Leibold, 2002(6)）。蜘蛛在所有地点的红色名录物种中占主导地位（Luff, 1998(24)）。所有已确定的无脊椎动物的栖息地偏好不同。回收的站点表示未回收堆和控制站点之间的中间状态。填海和未填海的站点之间存在显著差异，与对照站点之间也存在显著差异。我们的研究表明，填海堆和未填海堆都是受威胁或濒危物种的重要生物多样性热点。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

Plant and fauna biodiversity benefits from the combination of reclaimed and unreclaimed sites in heaps after uranium mining

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Plant and fauna biodiversity benefits from the combination of reclaimed and unreclaimed sites in heaps after uranium mining

Mining significantly impacts the environment, but post-mining sites, particularly those left to natural succession, often support numerous rare species. Plant and soil fauna communities were studied using field inventories and pitfall trapping on reclaimed and unreclaimed heaps after uranium mining near Příbram (Czech Republic), and in the surrounding landscape (control site). All macrofauna invertebrates were sorted into orders, while Oniscidea, Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Araneae, Carabidae, and Formicidae were identified to the species level.

Unreclaimed heaps were covered with stones, sparse shrubby and herbaceous vegetation, while reclaimed heaps were covered by 0.5 m of topsoil and planted with mixed forest. The control site consisted of forest and agricultural land. The number of plant layer species and vegetation cover at this level on unreclaimed heaps were lower compared to reclaimed ones. However, the average number of tree species was higher on unreclaimed sites, despite the average cover of tree layer was lower.

A total of 24,101 individuals were caught, with 15,507 identified into 209 species. The highest number of red-listed species was found in reclaimed sites (Kusumoarto et al., 2020 (21)), followed by unreclaimed sites (Heneberg and Řezáč, 2018 (14)) and the control site (Chase and Leibold, 2002 (6)). Spiders dominated the red-listed species (Luff, 1998 (24)) across all locations.

Habitat preferences differed across all identified invertebrates. Reclaimed sites represent an intermediate state between unreclaimed heaps and the control site. Reclaimed and unreclaimed sites were significantly different from each other, as well as from the control site.

Our study indicates that both reclaimed and unreclaimed heaps serve as important biodiversity hotspots for threatened or endangered species.

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来源期刊

Ecological Engineering 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

5.30%

发文量

293

审稿时长

57 days

期刊介绍： Ecological engineering has been defined as the design of ecosystems for the mutual benefit of humans and nature. The journal is meant for ecologists who, because of their research interests or occupation, are involved in designing, monitoring, or restoring ecosystems, and can serve as a bridge between ecologists and engineers. Specific topics covered in the journal include: habitat reconstruction; ecotechnology; synthetic ecology; bioengineering; restoration ecology; ecology conservation; ecosystem rehabilitation; stream and river restoration; reclamation ecology; non-renewable resource conservation. Descriptions of specific applications of ecological engineering are acceptable only when situated within context of adding novelty to current research and emphasizing ecosystem restoration. We do not accept purely descriptive reports on ecosystem structures (such as vegetation surveys), purely physical assessment of materials that can be used for ecological restoration, small-model studies carried out in the laboratory or greenhouse with artificial (waste)water or crop studies, or case studies on conventional wastewater treatment and eutrophication that do not offer an ecosystem restoration approach within the paper.