Júlia Gellért, Márta Gadó, János Németh, Amarilla Barcsay-Veres
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Methods: We used special education methods to investigate the characteristics of cerebral visual impairment among low-vision children at high risk for cerebral visual impairment. We compared the gender and age distribution of students with and without cerebral visual impairment symptoms, data on birth conditions, and ophthalmological diagnosis. Results: Between 2021 and 2024, data from 120 students were analyzed, of whom 58 students (48.3%) had a history of increased risk of cerebral visual impairment. In the group at high risk for cerebral visual impairment, 33 (56.9%) pupils were found to have cerebral visual impairment abnormalities detected by teachers of visual impairments, while 4 (6.9%) had cerebral visual impairment in an ophthalmological report. Where teaching of visually impaired children methods confirmed cerebral visual impairment in the presence of high risk of cerebral visual impairment, the proportion of boys was higher compared to the non-cerebral visual impairment subgroup (66.7% vs. 36.0%, p = 0.020). Within the high-risk group, birth weight and gestational age did not differ among the cerebral visual impairment and non-cerebral visual impairment groups. Discussion: In children with a declared visual impairment, the teaching of visually impaired children method is the appropriate method for detecting cerebral visual impairment, while an ophthalmological examination may raise suspicion of cerebral visual impairment. As in other countries, cerebral visual impairment is significantly underdiagnosed in Hungary. Our measurements confirmed that boys were overrepresented in the cerebral visual impairment group, but the main etiological role of prematurity was not confirmed. Conclusion: In the high-risk group, teaching of visually impaired children methods are necessary in addition to ophthalmological examination to prove the presence of cerebral visual impairment. Targeted development as early as possible is a pledge to improve visual function. Further studies are needed to assess the prevalence of the condition in Hungary. 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Still, it is essential to initiate a professional debate, as early-onset visual impairment impairs later mental and physical health and social advancement and creates a burden on society. Objective: A pilot study was carried out to assess the prevalence and incidence of cerebral visual impairment, either concomitant or independent of ocular visual impairment, in a cross-sectional survey of the School for the Visually Impaired in Budapest. Methods: We used special education methods to investigate the characteristics of cerebral visual impairment among low-vision children at high risk for cerebral visual impairment. We compared the gender and age distribution of students with and without cerebral visual impairment symptoms, data on birth conditions, and ophthalmological diagnosis. Results: Between 2021 and 2024, data from 120 students were analyzed, of whom 58 students (48.3%) had a history of increased risk of cerebral visual impairment. In the group at high risk for cerebral visual impairment, 33 (56.9%) pupils were found to have cerebral visual impairment abnormalities detected by teachers of visual impairments, while 4 (6.9%) had cerebral visual impairment in an ophthalmological report. Where teaching of visually impaired children methods confirmed cerebral visual impairment in the presence of high risk of cerebral visual impairment, the proportion of boys was higher compared to the non-cerebral visual impairment subgroup (66.7% vs. 36.0%, p = 0.020). Within the high-risk group, birth weight and gestational age did not differ among the cerebral visual impairment and non-cerebral visual impairment groups. Discussion: In children with a declared visual impairment, the teaching of visually impaired children method is the appropriate method for detecting cerebral visual impairment, while an ophthalmological examination may raise suspicion of cerebral visual impairment. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
简介:在脑性视觉障碍(CVI)中,视觉功能的障碍不是由于眼球的状况,而是由于视觉信息的神经处理功能障碍。在匈牙利,脑视力障碍的患病率尚不清楚。尽管如此,有必要发起一场专业辩论,因为早发性视力障碍会损害以后的身心健康和社会进步,并给社会造成负担。目的:在布达佩斯视力受损学校的横断面调查中,进行了一项试点研究,以评估脑视力障碍的患病率和发病率,无论是伴随的还是独立于视觉障碍的。方法:采用特殊教育方法对低视力高危儿童的脑视觉障碍特点进行调查。我们比较了有和没有脑视力损害症状的学生的性别和年龄分布、出生条件和眼科诊断数据。结果:在2021年至2024年期间,对120名学生的数据进行了分析,其中58名学生(48.3%)有脑视力障碍风险增加的历史。在脑视力障碍高危人群中,有33名(56.9%)学生被视力障碍教师检测出有脑视力障碍异常,有4名(6.9%)学生在眼科报告中有脑视力障碍。视障儿童方法教学中确认存在脑视力障碍高危人群的男生比例高于非脑视力障碍亚组(66.7% vs. 36.0%, p = 0.020)。在高危组中,脑视力障碍组和非脑视力障碍组的出生体重和胎龄没有差异。讨论:对于有视力障碍的儿童,教学视障儿童法是检测脑视力障碍的合适方法,而眼科检查可能会引起对脑视力障碍的怀疑。与其他国家一样,在匈牙利,脑视力障碍的诊断严重不足。我们的测量结果证实,男孩在脑性视觉障碍组中比例过高,但早产的主要病因尚未得到证实。结论:在高危人群中,除眼科检查证实脑性视力障碍外,还需要对视障儿童进行方法教育。尽早有针对性的开发是改善视觉功能的保证。需要进一步的研究来评估这种情况在匈牙利的流行程度。Orv Hetil. 2025;166(11): 421 - 426。
[The prevalence of cerebral visual impairment among high-risk visually impaired children in Hungary].
Introduction: In cerebral visual impairment (CVI), the disturbance in visual function is not due to a condition of the eyeball but to a malfunction in the neural processing of visual information. The prevalence of cerebral visual impairment is unknown in Hungary. Still, it is essential to initiate a professional debate, as early-onset visual impairment impairs later mental and physical health and social advancement and creates a burden on society. Objective: A pilot study was carried out to assess the prevalence and incidence of cerebral visual impairment, either concomitant or independent of ocular visual impairment, in a cross-sectional survey of the School for the Visually Impaired in Budapest. Methods: We used special education methods to investigate the characteristics of cerebral visual impairment among low-vision children at high risk for cerebral visual impairment. We compared the gender and age distribution of students with and without cerebral visual impairment symptoms, data on birth conditions, and ophthalmological diagnosis. Results: Between 2021 and 2024, data from 120 students were analyzed, of whom 58 students (48.3%) had a history of increased risk of cerebral visual impairment. In the group at high risk for cerebral visual impairment, 33 (56.9%) pupils were found to have cerebral visual impairment abnormalities detected by teachers of visual impairments, while 4 (6.9%) had cerebral visual impairment in an ophthalmological report. Where teaching of visually impaired children methods confirmed cerebral visual impairment in the presence of high risk of cerebral visual impairment, the proportion of boys was higher compared to the non-cerebral visual impairment subgroup (66.7% vs. 36.0%, p = 0.020). Within the high-risk group, birth weight and gestational age did not differ among the cerebral visual impairment and non-cerebral visual impairment groups. Discussion: In children with a declared visual impairment, the teaching of visually impaired children method is the appropriate method for detecting cerebral visual impairment, while an ophthalmological examination may raise suspicion of cerebral visual impairment. As in other countries, cerebral visual impairment is significantly underdiagnosed in Hungary. Our measurements confirmed that boys were overrepresented in the cerebral visual impairment group, but the main etiological role of prematurity was not confirmed. Conclusion: In the high-risk group, teaching of visually impaired children methods are necessary in addition to ophthalmological examination to prove the presence of cerebral visual impairment. Targeted development as early as possible is a pledge to improve visual function. Further studies are needed to assess the prevalence of the condition in Hungary. Orv Hetil. 2025; 166(11): 421–426.
期刊介绍:
The journal publishes original and review papers in the fields of experimental and clinical medicine. It covers epidemiology, diagnostics, therapy and the prevention of human diseases as well as papers of medical history.
Orvosi Hetilap is the oldest, still in-print, Hungarian publication and also the one-and-only weekly published scientific journal in Hungary.
The strategy of the journal is based on the Curatorium of the Lajos Markusovszky Foundation and on the National and International Editorial Board. The 150 year-old journal is part of the Hungarian Cultural Heritage.