Laser-Induced Graphene for Early Disease Detection: A Review

Electrochemical biosensors have been instrumental in early disease detection, facilitating effective monitoring and treatment. The emergence of graphene has significantly advanced sensor technology in various fields, including biomedicine, electronics, and energy. In this landscape, laser-induced graphene (LIG) has emerged as a superior alternative to conventional graphene synthesis methods. Its straightforward fabrication process and compatibility with wearable devices boost its practicality and potential for real-world applications. This review highlights the transformative potential of LIG in biosensing, showcasing its contributions to the development of next-generation diagnostic tools for early disease detection. An overview of the LIG synthesis process and its applications in detecting a wide array of biomarkers, from small molecules to large macromolecules, is provided. The integration of LIG biosensors into wearable devices are explored, highlighting their flexibility and potential for continuous, non-invasive monitoring of biomarkers. Additionally, this review addresses the current challenges in this field and discusses the future directions for the advancement of LIG-based biosensors in biomedical applications.