State funding for cannabis research: an analysis of funding mechanisms and levels.

Background: This paper examines cannabis research funding across U.S. states that have legalized cannabis for medical or adult (non-medical) use. It specifically looks at state legislative efforts to fund cannabis research, and the amount and mechanisms used for funding distribution.

Methods: We reviewed the text of legalization measures within states allowing medical or adult use (non-medical) cannabis for statutory language relating to research or scientific funding. When statutory language on research or scientific funding was not readily available or unclear in the legislative text, we reviewed state government websites or reference materials, or contacted state officials directly.

Results: Overall, we found that 17 out of 38 states that have passed either medical or adult use laws have legislation that specify a funding mechanism for cannabis research. Of the 17 states that have legislation directing funding to research, only 12 have allocated funding to date. Of those states that have allocated funding, six states distributed funds directly to an academic institution and five moved funding first through state agencies. One state - California - distributed research funding to both an academic institution and through the state cannabis regulatory agency. The amount of funding varies significantly across the states.

Conclusion: States have much to gain from scientific advancements in the cannabis field, especially as they navigate a preponderance of public policy issues without a federal structure to lean upon. However, with less than half of states that have legalized cannabis use in some form providing funding for research, there is a missed opportunity for states to increase understanding of the risks and benefits of cannabis use within their state. There is also a missed opportunity for researchers and cannabis regulators to collaborate on informing policy options and developing future evidence-informed cannabis regulations. There is a need for more states to consider adopting mechanisms to support cannabis research.