阿富汗北部巴尔赫中心（马扎里沙里夫）地下水水质控制的水文地球化学过程评价

Journal of trace elements and minerals Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI:10.1016/j.jtemin.2025.100232

Asadullah Farahmand , Abdulhalim Zaryab , Nasrullah Ameri , Shakir Ali , Mohammad Naim Eqrar

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引用次数: 0

摘要

在阿富汗，地下水是饮用水、家庭用水、灌溉和工业应用的主要水源。阿富汗的主要城市在很大程度上依赖地下水资源。然而，阿富汗包括马扎里沙里夫市在内的主要城市的地下水水质并没有得到详细的调查。目的全面分析马扎里沙里夫地下水水化学特征，识别地下水水质影响因素，评价地下水污染源。方法在旱季（2020年6月）采集18份地下水样品，对各理化参数进行分析。采用多元统计分析、地球化学建模、水质指数（WQI）、地下水水质空间分布等方法对研究区水文地球化学进行评价。结果1)研究区主导地下水以Na-(Ca)- hco3和Ca-(Mg)- so4水类型为主；2)许多井的理化指标NO3−、F−、TDS和SO42−均超过了世界卫生组织（WHO）的安全限值。3)硅酸盐风化、阳离子交换、石膏溶解等水文地球化学过程控制着地下水化学。4) Cl/Br比值表明，高盐度可能来源于蒸发湖和蒸发岩沉积，在自然界中是局部分布的。5)水质指数（WQI）分类表明，大约60%的地下水样本属于差至极差的水质类别，突出了重大的公共卫生问题。在近一半的样本中，硝酸盐和氟化物等主要污染物的含量高于安全限量。本研究的发现对决策者制定马扎里沙里夫市地下水资源管理战略具有重要价值，有助于实现联合国为所有人提供可持续用水的可持续发展目标。此外，未来还应利用环境同位素等新的先进技术来评价地下水水化学演化，以加深我们对地下水水化学演化的认识。

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Evaluation of hydro-geochemical processes controlling groundwater quality in Balkh center (Mazar-e-Sharif), northern Afghanistan

Background

Groundwater in Afghanistan stands as the predominant water source employed for potable consumption, household utilization, irrigation, and industrial applications. Major cities of Afghanistan are largely dependent on groundwater resources. However, the groundwater quality of major cities in Afghanistan, including Mazar-e-Sharif city was not investigated in detail.

Objective

This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics of the Mazar-e-Sharif groundwater, identify the factors influencing groundwater quality, and evaluate the groundwater contamination sources.

Methods

A total of 18 groundwater samples were collected during the dry season (June 2020) and analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters. Methods such as multivariate statistical analyses, geochemical modeling, water quality index (WQI), and spatial distribution of groundwater quality were employed to evaluate the hydro-geochemistry of the study area.

Results

The results reveal that 1) The prevailing groundwater within the study area is predominantly characterized by Na-(Ca)-HCO₃ and Ca-(Mg)-SO₄ water types. 2) Physicochemical variables such as NO₃⁻, F⁻, TDS, and SO₄²⁻ exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) safe limits in many wells. 3) Hydro-geochemical processes such as silicate weathering, cation exchange, and gypsum dissolution controls the groundwater chemistry. 4) Cl/Br ratios reveal, that high salinity may originate from evaporitic lacustrine and evaporite deposits and found to be localized in nature. 5) The Water Quality Index (WQI) classification suggests that approximately 60 % of the groundwater samples fall into poor to very poor water quality categories, highlighting substantial public health concerns. Major contaminants like nitrate and fluoride were found to be higher than the safe limit in nearly half of the samples.

Conclusion

The findings of this study hold value for decision-makers in formulating a proficient strategy for the management of groundwater resources in Mazar-e-Sharif City in achieving the UN sustainable goal (SDG) of providing sustainable water for all. Furthermore, new advanced techniques like environmental isotopes should be analyzed to evaluate groundwater hydro-chemical evolution in the future to enhance our understanding.

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来源期刊

Journal of trace elements and minerals Medicine and Dentistry (General), Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Science (General), Toxicology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (General), Nutrition, Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine (General)

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审稿时长

65 days